Inyubako yoroheje Igendanwa Inzu yateguwe mbere Inyubako y'icyuma Inyubako yo kubikamo ububiko bw'ubuhinzi
Inyubako z'ibyuma zubatswe hakoreshejwe icyuma gikomeye cyane, gitanga uburambe n'umutekano ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ubwubatsi. Inyubako zazo zikomeye zitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imitingito n'umuyaga kandi zishobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe mbere n'ikoranabuhanga ryo guteranya ibintu, inyubako z'ibyuma zishobora kubakwa vuba, bigabanya cyane igihe cy'umushinga. Imiterere y'imbere yoroshye ni ikindi cyiza, giha abubatsi n'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi ubushobozi bwo gukora ahantu hafunguye cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubutaka cyihariye nta kwangiza imiterere y'inyubako. Kubwibyo, inyubako z'ibyuma ni nziza cyane ku nyubako z'ubucuruzi, inyubako z'ibiro, inyubako za siporo, n'imishinga miremire yo guturamo.
Inzu zo guturamo z'ibyuma
Inzu z'ibyuma zikoreshwa mu byuma byakozwe mbereurukiramende rw'icyumasisitemu, bitanga inyungu nyinshi mu bwubatsi bw'amazu agezweho. Aya mazu akoresha ingufu nke kuko icyuma gishyirwa hamwe byoroshye n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya no gukonjesha, bigagabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushyushya no gukonjesha. Icyuma ntigihumanya ibidukikije, akenshi gikorwa mu bikoresho byasubiwemo, kandi gishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo bwuzuye mu mpera z'igihe cy'inyubako. Uburyo bwo kubaka ni bwihuse kandi buhendutse, bigabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi n'igihe cy'umushinga. Byongeye kandi, amazu yubatswe mu byuma araramba, yirinda imya, yirinda ibihumyo, kandi arwanya ingese, bigatuma aba igisubizo kirambye cy'iterambere ry'amazu, amazu asanzwe, ndetse n'amazu arwanya ibiza.
Ibigega by'ibyuma byubatswe
Ububiko bw'ibyumaIfite igishushanyo mbonera kinini, ikoresha umwanya munini idasaba inkingi nyinshi z'imbere. Iyi miterere ifunguye yorohereza ububiko bwiza, gucunga ibicuruzwa byoroshye, no gutegura neza ibikoresho. Ibice by'icyuma byateguwe mbere bitanga icyizere cyo gushyiraho vuba, bigabanya ingendo z'ubwubatsi kandi bigatuma ububiko bukora vuba. Uburebure, uburebure, n'imiterere y'ububiko bw'ibyuma birahinduka cyane, bigatuma ubucuruzi bubihuza n'ibyo bukeneye byihariye. Kuramba kwabyo n'amafaranga make yo kubisana bituma biba byiza mu bubiko bw'inganda, mu bubiko bukonje, no mu bigo bikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa.
Inyubako z'uruganda rw'ibyuma
Inyubako y'icyumaInyubako z'uruganda zungukirwa n'ubushobozi bwinshi bw'ibyuma bitwara imizigo, bigatuma habaho igishushanyo mbonera cy'ahantu hanini, hatari inkingi zikwiriye imashini ziremereye n'ibikorwa binini by'inganda. Ubu buryo bworoshye bworohereza akazi neza, imiyoboro myiza y'ibikorwa, no kubika neza ibikoresho by'inganda. Inyubako z'uruganda zikozwe mu byuma zirubakwa vuba kandi zoroshye kwaguka mu gihe kizaza, bigatuma ziba nziza ku nganda zikora, imiyoboro y'amateraniro, inganda zitunganya ibikoresho, n'ibigo bikorerwamo imirimo. Ubudahangarwa bwazo buhebuje mu guhangana n'ingaruka mbi z'ibidukikije, kurwanya inkongi z'umuriro, no kurwanya ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi bitanga umutekano ku bakozi n'ibikoresho, bitanga igisubizo kirambye kandi gihendutse mu nganda.
Ibikoresho by'icyuma cy'ibanze byo kubaka uruganda
1. Inyubako nyamukuru itwara imizigo (ishobora guhuzwa n'ibisabwa mu mihindagurikire y'isi yo mu turere dushyuha)
| Ubwoko bw'igicuruzwa | Urutonde rw'Ibisobanuro | Imikorere y'ibanze | Ingingo zo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere muri Amerika yo Hagati |
| Umurabyo w'Urukuta rw'Irembo | W12×30 ~ W16×45 (ASTM A572 Gr.50) | Umuringa w'ingenzi wo gutwara imizigo ku gisenge/urukuta | Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inkuta zikomeye zifite imiyoboro ifatanye kugira ngo hirindwe kohereza ibintu bidapfa gucika, cyatunganyijwe kugira ngo kigabanye uburemere bwo gutwara abantu mu gace runaka. |
| Inkingi y'icyuma | H300 × 300 ~ H500 × 500 (ASTM A36) | Ishyigikira imizigo y'urukuta n'iy'ubutaka | Ibikoresho byo guhuza imitingito biri mu gice cyo hasi, bikozwe mu buryo bwa galvanize ishyushye (zinc coating ≥85μm) kugira ngo bibe bihumeka cyane |
| Umurabyo w'Ikamba | W24×76 ~ W30×99 (ASTM A572 Gr.60) | Ifite imizigo ikoreshwa mu gukora crane mu nganda | Igishushanyo mbonera gikomeye (ku byuma bya 5 ~ 20t) gifite icyuma gifata amapine gishyirwamo ibyuma birwanya gukata |
2. Ibice by'ubuso bw'imashini (ikimenyetso cy'ikirere + uburinzi bw'ingese)
Ibisenge bya purlin: C12×20~C16×31 (ishyushye cyane) ku ntera ya metero 1.5~2 kugira ngo hashyirweho urupapuro rw'icyuma rutwikiriwe n'amabara, rufite imbaraga z'inkubi y'umuyaga zitari munsi y'urwego rwa 12.
Amavuta yo ku rukuta: Z10×20~Z14×26 (irangi rirwanya ingese), umwobo wo kugabanya ubushuhe ku nganda zishyuha.
Gufata icyuma gifunga (Φ12~Φ16 icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye) n'ibyuma bifunga inkingi (inguni z'icyuma za L50×5) bikomeza icyuma ku ruhande kugira ngo birwanye umuyaga ugera kuri 150 mph.
3. Gushyigikira ibikoresho by'inyongera (uburyo bwo kubaka bwubatswe mu buryo bw'ibanze)
Ibice by'icyuma bishyirwamo (ubugari bwa 10mm-20mm, WLHT galvanized) byo gushingiraho beto ikoreshwa cyane muri Amerika yo Hagati
Ibice byashyizwemo: Ibice by'icyuma bishyirwamo (ubugari bwa mm 10-20, galvanized SHYUSHYE), bikwiriye gushingwa sima isanzwe ikoreshwa muri Amerika yo Hagati;
Ibihuza: Bolts zikomeye cyane (Icyiciro cya 8.8, zishyushye cyane), nta gusudira aho zikorera, kugira ngo zigabanye igihe cyo kubaka;
Irangi rikoresha amazi rigabanya umuriro (rirwanya umuriro ≥1.5h) n'irangi rya acrylic rirwanya kwangirika (rirwanya UV, igihe cyo kubaho ≥imyaka 10) rikurikiza politiki zo mu gace zishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije.
Imiterere y'icyumaIbice
Imirasire ya I(ibice by'inyuguti nkuru "I" - mu Bwongereza hari UB kuri burial beam, UC kuri burial column; mu Burayi IPE, HE, HL, HD n'ibindi; muri Amerika hari wide flange (WF cyangwa W-shapes) na H-shapes).
Z-imirasire(ibice bibiri by'inyuma).
HSS(ibice by'imiterere y'ubururu) na SHS (ibice by'imiterere y'ubururu) birimo kare, urukiramende, uruziga (utubumbe) n'ishusho y'urukiramende).
Inguni z'icyuma(Igice gifite ishusho ya L).
Imiyoboro y'imiterereIbice bifite ishusho ya C cyangwa ibice bifite ishusho ya C biboneka cyane mu bubiko.
Imirasire ya T(Ibice bya T).
Ibyuma by'ibyumabifite igice cy'urukiramende ariko bidafite ubugari buhagije ku buryo byashyirwa mu byiciro by'amasahani.
Inkoni z'icyumaUduti tw’uruziga n’utw’impande, dufite ibice by’uruziga cyangwa impande kandi birebire ugereranije n’ubugari bwabyo.
Amashuka y'icyuma, ni impapuro z'icyuma zifite ubugari butarenze mm 6 cyangwa 1/4 santimetero.
| Uburyo bwo Gutunganya | Imashini zitunganya | Gutunganya |
| Gukata | Imashini zo gukata plasma/umuriro za CNC, imashini zo gukata | Gukata umuriro wa plasma ku masahani y'icyuma/ibice, gukata amasahani y'icyuma yoroshye, hamwe n'uburyo bungana biragenzurwa. |
| Gukora | Imashini ikonjesha, feri yo gukanda, imashini izunguruka | Gupfunyika mu buryo bukonje (kuri c/z purlins), gupfunyika (kuri gukata imiyoboro/inkombe), gupfunyika (kuri bars zo gushyigikira uruziga) |
| Gusudira | Imashini isudira arc iri mu mazi, imashini isudira arc n'intoki, imashini isudira CO₂ ikingira gaze | Gusudira imigozi y'amazi (inkingi z'Abaholandi / imigozi ya H), gusudira imigozi (ibipande bya gusset), gusudira ikoresheje gaze ya CO² (ibintu bito bifatanye n'inkuta) |
| Gukora imyobo | Imashini icukura ya CNC, imashini icukura | CNC Iborera (imyobo y'amaboliti mu byuma bihuza/ibice), Gupfumura (imyobo mito), Ifite imyobo igenzurwa ifite umurambararo/uburyo bwo kwihanganira imyanya |
| Ubuvuzi | Imashini yo guturitsa/gutwika umucanga, icyuma gisya, umurongo wo gusya ushyushye | Gukuraho ingese (gutwika amasasu / guturika umucanga), gusya ibintu mu buryo bworoshye (gukuraho ubushyuhe), gutwika ibyuma bishyushye (bolt/support) |
| Inteko | Urubuga rwo guteranya, ibikoresho byo gupima | Ibice by'ibyari byateranijwe mbere (inkingi + inkingi + ishingiro) byarasenyuwe kugira ngo byoherezwe nyuma yo kugenzura ingano. |
| 1. Ikizamini cyo gusukura umunyu (ikizamini cyo kwangirika kw'umunyu) | 2. Ikizamini cyo gufata neza | 3. Ikizamini cyo kwirinda ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe |
| Amabwiriza ngenderwaho ya ASTM B117 (spray y'umunyu idakoresha umunyu) / ISO 11997-1 (spray y'umunyu ikoresha umunyu), ikwiriye ibidukikije birimo umunyu mwinshi ku nkombe za Amerika yo Hagati. | Ikizamini cyo gupima igishishwa hakoreshejwe ASTM D3359 (igishishwa cyo gupima igishishwa/urukuta rw'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo hamenyekane urwego rwo gupima igishishwa); ikizamini cyo gupima igishishwa hakoreshejwe ASTM D4541 (kugira ngo hapimwe imbaraga z'igishishwa hagati yo gusiga n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma). | Amabwiriza ya ASTM D2247 (ubushuhe bwa 40℃ / 95%, kugira ngo hirindwe udusebe no kwangirika kw'igitambaro mu bihe by'imvura). |
| 4. Ikizamini cyo gusaza kwa UV | 5. Ikizamini cy'ubugari bwa firime | 6. Ikizamini cy'imbaraga z'ingaruka |
| Amabwiriza ya ASTM G154 (kugira ngo yigane ingaruka zikomeye za UV mu mashyamba y'imvura, kugira ngo hirindwe ko irangi rizimira cyangwa rigashonga). | Agakoresho k'umutsi gakoresha ASTM D7091 (igipimo cy'ubunini bwa magnetic); agakoresho k'umutsi gakoresha ASTM D1212 (kugira ngo harebwe ko uburinzi bwa corruption buhuye n'ubunini bwagenwe). | Amabwiriza ya ASTM D2794 (ingufu zo kugonga inyundo, kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika mu gihe cyo gutwara/gushyiraho). |
Uburyo bwo kuvura ku buso bw'inyuma: Irangi rikungahaye kuri zinc, Irangi rya Galvanized (ubugari bw'urwego rwa galvanized rushyushye ≥85μm igihe cyo gukora gishobora kugera ku myaka 15-20), amavuta y'umukara, nibindi.
Amavuta y'umukara
Itara ry'amashanyarazi
Igitambaro gikungahaye kuri Epoxy Zinc
Gupfunyika:
Ibikoresho by'icyuma bipfunyitse neza kugira ngo birinde ubuso bwabyo kandi bikomeze imiterere yabyo mu gihe cyo kubitwara no kubitwara. Ibikoresho bikunze gupfunyikwa mu bikoresho bidapfa amazi nka pulasitiki cyangwa impapuro zirinda ingese, kandi ibikoresho bito bipfunyikwa mu dusanduku tw'ibiti. Mu buryo bunyuranye, uduce twose tw'ibyuma/ibice byabyo bishyirwamo ibirango bisobanutse neza kugira ngo ubashe kubikuramo neza kandi ubishyire mu mwanya wabyo.
Ubwikorezi:
Inyubako y'icyuma ishobora koherezwa hakoreshejwe kontineri cyangwa ubwato bunini bitewe n'ingano n'aho igana. Ibintu binini cyangwa biremereye bihambirwa n'imigozi y'icyuma kandi imbaho zigashyirwa ku mpande zombi kugira ngo imizigo igume mu mwanya wayo mu gihe iri mu nzira. Ibikorwa byose byo gutwara ibintu bikorwa hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga y'ubwikorezi kugira ngo bigerweho ku gihe kandi bigere mu mutekano kabone n'iyo byaba ari ibyoherezwa mu ntera ndende cyangwa mu mahanga.
1. Inkunga y'Ishami ryo mu mahanga n'ururimi rw'Icyesipanyoli
Dufite ibiro byo mu mahanga bifite abakozi bavuga Icyesipanyoli dushobora kuvugana byuzuye n'abakiriya bacu bo muri Amerika y'Epfo n'i Burayi.
Itsinda ryacu rigufasha mu bijyanye no kwishyura ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo, kwandika inyandiko, no gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo bworoshye no gutunganya ibicuruzwa byihuta.
2. Ibikoresho byiteguye gutangwa vuba
Dufite ibikoresho fatizo bihagije by’icyuma, birimo H beam, I beam n’ibice by’icyuma.
Ibi bituma abakiriya babona igihe cyo kubona serivisi vuba kandi neza kugira ngo bahabwe serivisi zihutirwa.
3. Gupakira by'umwuga
Ibicuruzwa byose byuzuyemo ipaki isanzwe ikoreshwa mu mazi - Icuma gipfunyitse, ipfunyika idapfa amazi, n'uburinzi bw'inkombe.
Ibi bizatanga icyizere kandi bitume imodoka zipakira neza, zigumane umutekano mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu intera ndende kandi nta kwangirika kwabyo bigeze ku cyambu cy’aho zijya.
4. Kohereza no Gutanga Ibikoresho mu buryo Bunoze
Dukorana n'abashinzwe ubwikorezi bw'imbere mu gihugu, dushobora gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa birimo FOB, CIF, DDP.
Twaba turi mu mazi, gari ya moshi, cyangwa mu muhanda, twizeza kohereza ibicuruzwa ku gihe kandi tukabikurikirana neza.
Ku bijyanye n'ibibazo by'ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho
Q: Iyubahirizwa ry'amahame Ni ayahe mahame akurikizwa mu nyubako z'icyuma cyawe?
A: Inyubako yacu y'icyuma ikurikiza amahame ngenderwaho ya Amerika nka ASTM A36, ASTM A572 n'ibindi. Urugero: ASTM A36 ni imiterere rusange ya karuboni, A588 ni imiterere irwanya ikirere cyane ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu kirere gishyushye.
Q: Ni gute ugenzura ubuziranenge bw'icyuma?
A: Ibikoresho by'icyuma bituruka mu nganda zizwi cyane zo mu gihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga zifite uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Iyo bigeze aho, ibicuruzwa byose bigeragezwa neza, harimo isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire, isuzuma ry'imiterere y'imashini n'isuzuma ritangiza, nk'isuzuma rya ultrasonic (UT) n'isuzuma ry'uduce twa magnetic (MPT), kugira ngo harebwe niba ubuziranenge bwujuje ibisabwa bifitanye isano.
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