Amakuru - Ibikoresho by'icyuma bishyushye: Inkingi y'ingenzi mu rwego rw'inganda

Mu buryo bwa none bw'inganda, imigozi y'icyuma ishyushye ni ibikoresho by'ibanze, kandi ubwinshi bwabyo bw'ingero n'itandukaniro ry'imikorere bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku cyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'inganda zo hasi. Imigozi itandukanye y'imigozi y'icyuma ishyushye igira uruhare rudasimburwa mu bijyanye n'ubwubatsi, imodoka, ingufu, n'ibindi, hamwe n'imiterere yayo yihariye y'ibinyabutabire n'imiterere ya mekanike. Ibi bikurikira bizibanda ku gusesengura imigozi y'icyuma ishyushye ifite isoko rikenewe cyane n'itandukaniro ryayo ry'ingenzi.

Imbaraga z'ibanze: Q235B na SS400
Q235B ni yo cyuma gikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bidafite karuboni nyinshi mu Bushinwa, gifite karuboni ingana na 0.12%-0.20%, kandi gifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gusudira no gukoresha ubutare. Ingufu zayo ni ≥235MPa kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako, mu nkunga z'ibiraro n'ibice rusange bya mekanike. Mu nganda z'ubwubatsi, imiringa ya I, ibyuma bikoresha imiyoboro n'ibindi byuma bikozwe mu byuma bishyushye bya Q235B birenga 60%, bishyigikira imiterere y'ibikorwa remezo by'imijyi.
SS400 ni icyuma gikoreshwa mu buryo bwa karuboni gikoreshwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga gifite imbaraga nk'iza Q235B, ariko kikagenzura cyane imyanda ya sulfur na fosifore kandi kikaba cyiza ku buso. Mu rwego rwo kubaka amato, SS400 ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushye bikunze gukoreshwa mu bice by'ubwubatsi bw'ubwato. Ubudahangarwa bwayo mu mazi yo mu nyanja ni bwiza kurusha icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni, bigatuma ingendo zo mu nyanja zigumana umutekano.

Icuma gishyushye gikozwe mu cyuma - Royal Group

Abahagarariye imbaraga nyinshi: Q345B na Q960
Q345B ni icyuma gifite imbaraga nkeya gifite 1.0%-1.6% bya manganese, kandi imbaraga z'umusaruro ziri hejuru ya 345MPa. Ugereranyije na Q235B, imbaraga zayo ziyongeraho hafi 50%, mu gihe zigumana ubushobozi bwo gusudira neza. Mu buhanga bw'ibiraro, imigozi y'amasanduku ikozwe mu byuma bishyushye bya Q345B ishobora kugabanya uburemere bwabyo ku kigero cya 20%, bigabanyije cyane ikiguzi cy'ubuhanga. Muri 2023, kubaka ibiraro byo mu rugo bizatwara toni zirenga miliyoni 12 za Q345B zishyushye, zigize 45% by'umusaruro wose w'ubu bwoko.
Nk’uko bisanzwe bigaragaza icyuma gikomeye cyane, Q960 igera ku mbaraga zingana na ≥960MPa binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya microalloying (yongeramo vanadium, titanium n'ibindi bintu) hamwe no kugenzura inzira zo gukonjesha no kugenzura. Mu rwego rw'imashini z'ubuhanga, ubunini bw'ukuboko kwa crane ikozwe muri Q960 hot-rolled coil bushobora kugabanuka bukagera munsi ya 6mm, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwiyongeraho inshuro 3, ibi bikaba bitera imbere kuvugurura ibikoresho byoroshye nka za crane na crane.

Igikoresho cy'icyuma gishyushye gishyushye (24)

Ikimenyetso cyihariye: SPHC na SPH340
SPHC ni ibicuruzwa byiza cyane mu byuma bishyushye bifite karuboni nkeya. Mu kunoza uburyo bwo kuzunguruka kugira ngo bigenzure ingano y'ingano, uburebure bugera kuri 30%. Mu nganda z'ibikoresho byo mu rugo, imigozi ya SPHC ishyushye ikoreshwa mu gukora imigozi ya firigo. Imikorere yayo yo gukurura cyane ituma igipimo cyujuje ibisabwa cy'ubuso bugoye bukora kirenga 98%. Muri 2024, ikoreshwa rya SPHC mu bikoresho byo mu rugo riziyongeraho 15% buri mwaka kugeza kuri toni miliyoni 3.2.
Nk'icyuma cy'ubwubatsi bw'imodoka, SPH340 igera ku buringanire hagati y'imbaraga n'ubukomere binyuze mu kongeramo 0.15%-0.25% karuboni na trace boron. Mu gukora bateri nshya z'imodoka, SPH340 ishyushye ishobora kwihanganira imitwaro irenga 500MPa kandi ikujuje ibisabwa mu nzira zo gusudira. Muri 2023, igipimo cy'imashini zishyushye zo muri ubwo bwoko zikoreshwa mu modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zo mu rugo cyageze kuri 70% by'ibice by'imashini zikoresha ingufu.

Icyitegererezo	Imbaraga z'umusaruro (MPa)	Uburebure (%)	Ingero zisanzwe z'ikoreshwa
Q235B	≥235	≥26	Inyubako, imashini rusange
Q345B	≥345	≥21	Ibiraro, imiyoboro y'umwuka
SPHC	≥275	≥30	Ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibice by'imodoka
Q960	≥960	≥12	Imashini z'ubuhanga, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru