Amakuru - Ni Mubihe Bihe Imiyoboro Nini ya diameter Ikoreshwa muri rusange?

Imiyoboro nini ya diameter nini (mubisanzwe bivuga imiyoboro y'ibyuma ifite diameter yo hanze ≥114mm, hamwe na mm200mm isobanurwa ko ari nini mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, bitewe n’ibipimo by’inganda) ikoreshwa cyane mu bice by’ibanze birimo "ubwikorezi bw’itangazamakuru rinini," "ubufasha bukomeye bw’imiterere," na "imiterere y’umuvuduko ukabije" bitewe n’ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutwara umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushobozi bwo gutembera cyane, hamwe n’ingaruka zikomeye.

Ingufu: Kureba ubwikorezi bwingufu n'umutekano muke

Ingufu nigice cyambere cyo gukoresha imiyoboro minini ya diameter. Ibisabwa byingenzi birimo umuvuduko mwinshi, intera ndende, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibitangazamakuru by'ingufu nka peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, amakara, n'amashanyarazi.

1. Gutwara peteroli na gazi: "aorta" y'imiyoboro ndende

Ibisabwa: Imiyoboro ya peteroli na gazi yo mu karere (nk'umuyoboro wa gazi w’iburengerazuba-Iburasirazuba hamwe n’Ubushinwa-Uburusiya Umuyoboro wa gazi w’iburasirazuba), gukusanya imbere no gutwara abantu mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli, hamwe n’umuyoboro wa peteroli / gazi ku mbuga za peteroli na gaze.
Ubwoko bw'Umuyoboro w'icyuma: Byibanze cyane kuzenguruka arc gusudira umuyoboro (LSAW) hamwe n'umuyoboro ugororotse wuzuye arc welded umuyoboro (SSAW), hamwe n'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikidodo (nka API 5L X80 / X90) ikoreshwa mubice bimwe byumuvuduko mwinshi.
Ibisabwa by'ibanze: Ihangane n'umuvuduko mwinshi wa MPa 10-15 (imirongo ya gazi isanzwe), urwanye kwangirika k'ubutaka (imiyoboro yo ku nkombe), no kurwanya ruswa yo mu nyanja (imiyoboro yo hanze). Uburebure bw'umuyoboro umwe burashobora kugera kuri metero 12-18 kugirango ugabanye ingingo zisudira kandi bigabanye ingaruka zo kumeneka. Ingero zisanzwe: Umuyoboro wa gazi Kamere y'Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya (umuyoboro munini muremure mu Bushinwa, ufite ibice bimwe ukoresha imiyoboro y'ibyuma ya diametero 1422mm), n'umuyoboro wa peteroli uhuza imbibe na Arabiya Sawudite (imiyoboro y'ibyuma 1200mm kandi nini).

Umuyoboro wa API 5L Umuyoboro w'ingenzi wo gutwara ingufu

2. Inganda zingufu: "Koridor yingufu" yinganda zamashanyarazi / ingufu za kirimbuzi

Mu mashanyarazi y’amashyanyarazi, iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa mu "miyoboro ine minini" (imiyoboro minini y’amazi, kongera gushyushya imiyoboro y’amazi, imiyoboro y’amazi y’ibiribwa, hamwe n’imiyoboro y’amazi ashyushye cyane) kugira ngo itwarwe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, umuvuduko ukabije (ubushyuhe bwa 300-600 ° C hamwe n’umuvuduko wa MPa 10-30).

Mu rwego rw’ingufu za kirimbuzi, imiyoboro y’icyuma yo mu rwego rw’umutekano ku birwa bya kirimbuzi (nk'imiyoboro ikonjesha ya reaktor) isaba imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya imirasire no guhangana n’ibikurura. Imiyoboro ya Austenitike idafite ibyuma (nka ASME SA312 TP316LN) ikoreshwa cyane. Inkunga Nshya Yingufu: "Imiyoboro Yumurongo" (kurinda insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi) kumashanyarazi yumuriro / umuyaga, hamwe numuyoboro wa hydrogène wohereza intera ndende (imishinga imwe yicyitegererezo ikoresha 300-800mm ip imiyoboro idashobora kwangirika).

Ubwubatsi bw'Imijyi n'amazi: "Ubuzima" bw'Imijyi n'imibereho y'abaturage

Ibisabwa mu murenge wa komine byibanda ku "gutemba kwinshi, kubungabunga bike, no guhuza n'imiterere yo mu mijyi yo munsi / ibidukikije." Intego nyamukuru ni ukureba amazi nogutwara amazi kubaturage n'imikorere ya sisitemu yo mumijyi.

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Gusaba Amazi Gusaba: "Imiyoboro y'amazi mabi" ava mu masoko y'amazi yo mu mijyi (ibigega, inzuzi) kugeza ku bimera by'amazi, hamwe na "imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu mijyi" iva mu bimera by'amazi ikajya mu mijyi, bisaba gutwara amazi ya robine atemba cyane (urugero, 600-2000mm ipes ibyuma).
Gusaba imiyoboro y'amazi: Umuyoboro "imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu mijyi" (kugirango amazi yihuta y’umwuzure uterwa n’imvura nyinshi) na "imiyoboro y’imyanda" (yo gutwara amazi mabi yo mu ngo / y’inganda mu nganda zitunganya imyanda). Bamwe bakoresha imiyoboro idashobora kwangirika (urugero, imiyoboro ya pulasitike isize plastike hamwe na sima ya marimari ikozwe mucyuma).
Ibyiza: Ugereranije nu miyoboro ya beto, imiyoboro yicyuma ntiremereye, irwanya kugabanuka (guhuza na geologiya yo mu mijyi igoye yo mu mijyi), kandi itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga hamwe (gukumira imyanda itemba nubutaka).

2. Ibibanza byo kubungabunga amazi: Guhuza amazi hagati yikibaya no kurwanya umwuzure
Gusaba: Imishinga yo kohereza amazi hagati y’ibibaya (nka "Umuyoboro w’Umuhondo w’Umuhondo" w’umuhanda wo hagati ugana Amajyaruguru ugana Amajyaruguru), imiyoboro yo gutembera hamwe n’imiyoboro isohora imyuzure ku bigega / sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi, hamwe n’imiyoboro iyobora imiyoboro yo kurwanya imyuzure yo mu mijyi no kuhira.
Ibisabwa bisanzwe: Kurwanya ihungabana ryamazi (umuvuduko w umuvuduko wa 2-5 m / s), kwihanganira umuvuduko wamazi (imiyoboro imwe nimwe y'amazi yimbitse igomba kwihanganira umuvuduko wumutwe urenga m 10), na diametero zirenga mm 3000 (urugero, umuyoboro wa mm 3200 woguhindura ibyuma kuri sitasiyo ya hydropower).

Inganda zikora inganda: "Umugongo" wibikoresho biremereye hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora

Urwego rw'inganda rufite ibyifuzo bitandukanye, hibandwa cyane cyane ku "guhuza n'imiterere iremereye kandi byujuje ibisabwa mu bwikorezi bw'itangazamakuru ryihariye," bikubiyemo inganda nka metallurgie, imiti, n'imashini.

1. Metallurgie / Inganda zibyuma: Gutwara ibikoresho byo hejuru cyane
Ibisabwa: Uruganda rukora ibyuma "" itanura rya gaz itanura "(gutwara gaze yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, 200-400 ° C)," gukora ibyuma no guhora utera imiyoboro ikonjesha amazi akonje "(gukonjesha gutemba kwinshi kwicyuma), hamwe n" imiyoboro itobora "(gutwara amabuye y'icyuma).
Ibisabwa byumuyoboro wibyuma: Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane (kumiyoboro ya gaze) no kwambara birwanya (kubitaka birimo ibice bikomeye, imiyoboro yicyuma idashobora kwihanganira). Ubusanzwe diameter iri hagati ya 200 na 1000 mm.

2. Inganda zikora imiti / peteroli: Gutwara itangazamakuru ryangirika
Ibisabwa: Imiyoboro mvaruganda mu bimera bya shimi (nka acide na alkali ibisubizo, ibishishwa kama), imiyoboro ya catalitike yamashanyarazi munganda zikomoka kuri peteroli (ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, amavuta yumuvuduko mwinshi na gaze), hamwe numuyoboro usohora tanki (imiyoboro minini ya diameter nini yo kubika ibigega binini).
Ubwoko bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma: Imiyoboro y'ibyuma idashobora kwangirika (nka 316L ibyuma bitagira umuyonga) hamwe n'ibyuma bya pulasitiki cyangwa reberi ikozwe mu cyuma (kubitangazamakuru byangirika cyane). Imiyoboro imwe yumuvuduko mwinshi ikoresha 150-500mm imiyoboro idafite ibyuma.

3. Imashini ziremereye: Inkunga yuburyo na sisitemu ya Hydraulic
Ibisabwa: Barrale ya Hydraulic ya barrière mumashini yubwubatsi (excavator na crane) (ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya toni nini ikoresha imiyoboro y'ibyuma 100-300mm idafite ibyuma), imiyoboro yicyuma ifata ibyuma mubikoresho binini byimashini nini, hamwe nintambwe yimbere / imiyoboro irinda insinga (150-300mm) muminara ya turbine yumuyaga.

Ibikorwa Remezo no Gutwara abantu: "Ibikoresho Bitwara Imizigo Yubaka" kubikorwa binini binini

Mu mishinga minini y'ibikorwa remezo nk'ikiraro, tunel, n'ibibuga by'indege, imiyoboro y'ibyuma nini ya diametre ntabwo ikora nk "imiyoboro yohereza" gusa ahubwo ikora nka "ibice byubaka" bitwara imitwaro cyangwa bitanga uburinzi.

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Ibisabwa: "Urubavu nyamukuru" rw'ibiraro birebire birebire (nk'ikiraro cya Chongqing Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge, gikoresha 1200-1600mm Φ icyuma cyuzuyemo ibyuma bya rubavu rwuzuye imbavu zuzuyemo beto, gihuza imbaraga zingana z'imiyoboro y'icyuma n'imbaraga zo gukomeretsa za beto), hamwe n '"amaboko arinda" ibiraro by'amazi.
Ibyiza: Ugereranije na beto gakondo yubakishijwe ibyuma, ibyuma byuzuyemo ibyuma byubatswe biroroshye, byoroshye kubaka (birashobora gutunganyirizwa mu nganda kandi bigateranirizwa aho), kandi bifite umwanya muremure (kugeza kuri metero 500 cyangwa zirenga).

2. Umuyoboro hamwe na Gariyamoshi: Guhumeka no kurinda insinga
Gusaba Umuyoboro: "Imiyoboro ya Ventilation" (kumuyaga mwiza, diameter 800-1500mm) mumihanda ya gari ya moshi / gari ya moshi, na "Imiyoboro itanga amazi yumuriro" (kubitanga amazi menshi mugihe habaye inkongi y'umuriro).
Inzira ya Gariyamoshi: "Imiyoboro yo gukingira imiyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka" (mu kurinda insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi, zimwe zakozwe mu miyoboro ya 200-400mm ya pulasitike ikozwe mu cyuma) muri metero / sisitemu ya gari ya moshi yihuta, na "Catenary Column Casings" (inkingi z'ibyuma zishyigikira umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi).

3. Ibibuga byindege / Ibyambu: Imiyoboro idasanzwe-Intego
Ibibuga byindege: "Imiyoboro Yamazi Yimvura" (diameter nini 600-1200mm) kumuhanda kugirango wirinde gukwirakwiza amazi yumuhanda ningaruka zo guhaguruka no kugwa, hamwe na "Umuyoboro wogukonjesha amazi akonje" (kubitemba byamazi menshi akonje kugirango agenzure ubushyuhe) mumazu yinyubako.
Ibyambu: "Imiyoboro yohereza amavuta" (guhuza tankeri n'ibigega byo kubikamo, gutwara peteroli / ibikomoka kuri peteroli itunganijwe, diameter 300-800mm) ku cyambu, na "Imiyoboro myinshi itwara imizigo" (yo gutwara imizigo myinshi nk'amakara n'amabuye y'agaciro).

Ibindi Bidasanzwe Porogaramu: Niche ariko Byingenzi Porogaramu

Inganda za Gisirikare: Ubwato bwintambara "imiyoboro ikonjesha amazi yo mu nyanja" (kurwanya ruswa yo mu nyanja), ikigega "imirongo ya hydraulic" (imiyoboro minini ya diameter nini y’umuvuduko ukabije), hamwe n’irasa rya misile "bishyigikira imiyoboro y'ibyuma."

Ubushakashatsi bwa Jewolojiya: Iriba ry’amazi maremare "casings" (kurinda urukuta rw'iriba no kwirinda gusenyuka, bamwe bakoresha steel300-500mm imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyuma), gukuramo gazi ya shale "imiyoboro y'amazi atambitse" (kugirango itangwe n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi).

Kuhira imyaka mu buhinzi: Ubunini bunini bwo kubungabunga amazi yo mu murima "imiyoboro yo kuhira imyaka" (nk'imiyoboro ya drip / sprinkler yo kuvomerera imiyoboro yo mu karere k’amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ifite diameter Φ200-600mm).