Amakuru - Imiterere yicyuma: Sisitemu yingenzi yuburyo bwubuhanga bugezweho

Mu myubakire yiki gihe, ubwikorezi, inganda, ninganda zingufu,imiterere y'ibyuma, hamwe nibyiza byayo byombi mubintu ndetse nuburyo, byahindutse imbaraga zingenzi zitera udushya mubuhanga bwubuhanga. Gukoresha ibyuma nkibikoresho byingenzi byikoreza imitwaro, birenze imipaka yimiterere gakondo binyuze mubikorwa byinganda no kwishyiriraho modula, bitanga ibisubizo byiza kubikorwa byinshi byimishinga igoye.

Ibyiza nibibi byuburyo bwibyuma - URUBUGA RW'UBUSHINWA

Ibisobanuro na Kamere yimiterere yicyuma
Imiterere yicyuma bivuga sisitemu yimitwaro yububiko igizwe naibyuma, ibyuma (Ibiti, Imiyoboro U., Inguni, nibindi), hamwe nu miyoboro yicyuma, ikingiwe no gusudira, imbaraga zikomeye, cyangwa imirongo. Intego yacyo ni ugukoresha imbaraga nyinshi zicyuma nubukomezi kugirango uhindure neza imitwaro ihagaritse (uburemere bwibikoresho nuburemere bwibikoresho) hamwe nu mutwaro utambitse (umuyaga na nyamugigima) uva mu nyubako cyangwa umushinga ugana ku musingi wacyo, bigatuma umutekano uhagaze neza. Ugereranije nuburyo bufatika, inyungu yibanze yibyuma biri mumiterere yubukanishi bwabo: imbaraga zabo zingana zirashobora kugera kuri MPa zirenga 345, zikubye inshuro zirenga 10 izo beto isanzwe; na plastike nziza cyane ibemerera guhinduka munsi yumutwaro utavunitse, bitanga garanti ebyiri z'umutekano wubatswe. Ibi biranga bituma bidasimburwa murwego runini, kuzamuka cyane, no kuremerera ibintu byinshi.

Ubwoko Bwingenzi Bwubwubatsi

(I) Gutondekanya muburyo bw'imiterere
Irembo ry'Irembo ry'Irembo: Iyi miterere, igizwe n'inkingi n'ibiti, ikora "irembo" rimeze nk'urwego, rufatanije na sisitemu yo gushyigikira. Irakwiranye ninganda zinganda, ububiko bwibikoresho, supermarket, nizindi nyubako. Ubusanzwe busanzwe buri hagati ya metero 15 na 30, hamwe na metero zirenga 40. Ibigize birashobora gutegurwa mu nganda, bikemerera kwishyiriraho kurubuga muminsi 15 kugeza 30. Kurugero, ububiko bwa JD.com muri Aziya No 1 Ububiko bwa Parike ya Logistique bukoresha cyane cyane ubu bwoko bwimiterere.
Imiterere ya Truss: Iyi miterere igizwe ninkoni igororotse ihujwe nu node kugirango ikore geometrie ya mpandeshatu cyangwa trapezoidal. Inkoni zikoreshwa gusa nimbaraga za axial, zikoresha rwose imbaraga zicyuma. Imyubakire ya truss ikoreshwa mubisenge bya stade hamwe nikiraro kinini. Kurugero, kuvugurura stade y'abakozi ba Beijing yakoresheje imiterere ya truss kugirango igere kuri metero 120 idafite inkingi.
Imiterere yikadiri: Sisitemu yumwanya yashizweho no guhuza imirishyo ninkingi itanga igorofa ryoroshye kandi niyo nzira nyamukuru yo guhitamo amazu maremare y'ibiro na hoteri.
Imiyoboro ya gride: Umuyoboro mugari ugizwe nabanyamuryango benshi, akenshi hamwe na mpandeshatu zisanzwe hamwe nu mpande enye, bitanga ubunyangamugayo bukomeye no kurwanya umutingito mwiza. Zikoreshwa cyane mubibuga byindege no mubigo byabereye.

(II) Gutondekanya kubiranga Umutwaro
Abanyamuryango ba Flexural: Bahagarariwe nibiti, aba banyamuryango bihanganira ibihe byo kunama, hamwe no kwikanyiza hejuru hamwe nimpagarara hepfo. Bakunze gukoresha H-ibice cyangwa udusanduku dusudira, nkibiti bya kane mu nganda zinganda, kandi bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango birwanye umunaniro.
Abanyamuryango baremerewe cyane: Aba banyamuryango bagengwa gusa na axial tension / compression, nka truss tie inkoni hamwe nabanyamuryango ba grid. Inkoni zo guhambira zagenewe imbaraga, mugihe inkoni zo guhunika zisaba gutuza. Imiyoboro izenguruka cyangwa inguni yicyuma ikoreshwa. Ibice byuzuye byuzuye: Ibi bikorerwa imbaraga zombi za axial hamwe nigihe cyo kugunama, nkibikoresho bikingi. Bitewe na eccentricité yumutwaro kumpera yumurambararo, ibice byambukiranya ibice (nkibisanduku byinkingi) birasabwa kuringaniza imbaraga na deformations.

Ibyiza Byibanze byubwubatsi
(I) Ibyiza bya mashini nziza
Imbaraga nyinshi nuburemere buke nibyiza byingenzi byubaka ibyuma. Kumwanya runaka, uburemere bwibiti byicyuma ni 1 / 3-1 / 5 gusa cyibiti bya beto. Kurugero, metero 30 yuburebure bwicyuma ipima hafi kg 50 / m, mugihe igiti cya beto gipima kg 200 / m. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa ibiciro byishingiro (kuri 20% -30%) ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka ziterwa na nyamugigima, bitezimbere umutekano wibiza.
(II) Ubwubatsi bukomeye
Kurenga 90% byibyuma byubatswe byateguwe muruganda rufite milimetero-yuzuye neza. Kwishyiriraho kurubuga bisaba gusa kuzamura no guhuza. Kurugero, inyubako yibiro byibyumba 10 bifata amezi 6-8 gusa uhereye kubicuruzwa bikarangira, kugabanuka 40% mugihe cyubwubatsi ugereranije nuburyo bufatika. Kurugero, umushinga wo guturamo wibyuma byabereye i Shenzhen wageze ku muvuduko wubwubatsi bwa "igorofa imwe buri minsi irindwi," bigabanya cyane amafaranga yabakozi.
(III) Kurwanya umutingito ukomeye no kuramba
Gukomera kw'ibyuma bituma ibyuma byubaka imbaraga binyuze mu guhindura imitingito. Kurugero, mugihe umutingito Wenchuan wa 2008, uruganda rukora ibyuma muri Chengdu rwagize ihinduka rito kandi nta ngaruka zo gusenyuka. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo kuvura ruswa (galvanizing na coating), ibyuma birashobora kugira ubuzima bwimyaka 50-100, hamwe nibiciro byo kubungabunga biri munsi yububiko.
(IV) Kurengera Ibidukikije no Kuramba
Ibipimo byo gutunganya ibyuma birenga 90%, bituma byongera gushonga no gutunganywa nyuma yo gusenywa, bikuraho umwanda w’imyubakire. Byongeye kandi, kubaka ibyuma ntibisaba gukora cyangwa kubitunganya, bisaba imirimo ntoya ku kibanza, no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya hejuru ya 60% ugereranije n’ibikorwa bifatika, bihuza n’amahame yo kubaka icyatsi. Kurugero, nyuma yo gusenya ahazabera Ice Cube ahazabera imikino Olempike yo mu 2022 yabereye i Beijing, ibice bimwe byongeye gukoreshwa muyindi mishinga, bigera ku gutunganya umutungo.

Gukwirakwiza Byinshi Byubaka Imiterere
(I) Ubwubatsi
Inyubako rusange: Sitade, ibibuga byindege, amakoraniro hamwe n’imurikagurisha, nibindi, bishingikiriza ku byuma kugirango bigere ku ntera nini kandi yagutse.
Inyubako zo guturamo: Inzu zubatswe zubatswe zubatswe ziragenda zamamara kandi zishobora kuzuza ibyangombwa byamazu.
Inyubako z'ubucuruzi: Inyubako zo mu biro ndende-ndende cyane hamwe nu maduka acururizwamo, akoresha ibyuma kugirango agere ku bishushanyo mbonera no kubaka neza.
(II) Ubwikorezi
Ubwubatsi bw'ikiraro: Ibiraro byambukiranya inyanja n'ibiraro bya gari ya moshi. Ibiraro by'ibyuma bitanga umwanya munini n'umuyaga mwinshi hamwe no kurwanya umutingito.
Inzira ya gari ya moshi: gariyamoshi ya gari ya moshi hamwe na gari ya moshi yoroheje.
(III) Inganda
Inganda zinganda: Imashini ziremereye ninganda zibyuma. Imiterere yicyuma irashobora kwihanganira imitwaro yibikoresho binini kandi ikorohereza guhindura ibikoresho.
Ibikoresho byo kubikamo: Ububiko bukonje bwububiko hamwe n’ibigo byita ku bikoresho. Ibikoresho byububiko byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kandi byihuta kubaka no gutangiza vuba.
(IV) Ingufu
Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi yubaka inyubako nini niminara yohereza. Ibikoresho byibyuma birakwiriye imitwaro iremereye hamwe nibidukikije bikabije. Ingufu nshya: iminara ya turbine yumuyaga hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho amafoto yerekana ibyuma byoroheje byoroheje byo gutwara no kuyishyiraho, bifasha iterambere ryingufu zisukuye.