209250
Ibyuma byubaka ni ubwoko bwainyubako zubaka ibyumaibikoresho bifite imiterere yihariye nibigize imiti bihuye nibisobanuro byumushinga.
Ukurikije ibisobanuro bifatika bya buri mushinga, ibyuma byubatswe birashobora kuza muburyo butandukanye, ingano, nibisobanuro. Bimwe birashyushye cyangwa bikonje, mugihe ibindi bisudira mubisahani binini cyangwa byunamye. Imiterere rusange yibyuma byubatswe birimo I-beam, ibyuma byihuta cyane, imiyoboro, inguni, na plaque.
Ibipimo mpuzamahanga kuriImiterere ya Frame Imiterere
GB 50017 (Ubushinwa).
AISC (US): "Bibiliya" yo gushushanya muri Amerika ya ruguru, ikubiyemo ingingo ziremereye, imiterere nuburyo bwo guhuza.
BS 5950 (UK): Guteza imbere uburinganire bukwiye bwumutekano, ubukungu nuburyo bunoze.
EN 1993 - Eurocode 3 (EU): Igipimo cyibishushanyo mbonera byubatswe byuburayi.
| Bisanzwe | Igipimo cyigihugu | Ibipimo by'Abanyamerika | Igipimo cy’iburayi | |
| Intangiriro | Hamwe nibipimo byigihugu (GB) nkibyingenzi, byunganirwa namahame yinganda, byibanda kubikorwa byuzuye kugenzura ibishushanyo mbonera, ubwubatsi no kwemerwa | Twibanze ku bipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM hamwe n'ibishushanyo mbonera bya AISC, twibanze ku guhuza ibyemezo byigenga ku isoko n'ibipimo by'inganda. | EN urukurikirane rw'ibipimo (ibipimo by'i Burayi) | |
| Ibipimo ngenderwaho | Ibishushanyo mbonera | GB 50017-2017 | AISC (AISC 360-16) | EN 1993 |
| Ibipimo bifatika | GB / T 700-2006 、 GB / T 1591-2018 | ASTM Internationa | EN 10025 ikurikirana ryakozwe na CEN | |
| Ibipimo byo kubaka no kwemerwa | GB 50205-2020 | AWS D1.1 | EN 1011 urukurikirane | |
| Inganda zihariye | Kurugero, JT / T 722-2023 murwego rwikiraro, JGJ 99-2015 mubijyanye nubwubatsi | |||
| Ibyemezo bisabwa | Ibyuma byubaka ibyuma byubaka umwuga (icyiciro cyihariye, icyiciro cya mbere, icyiciro cya kabiri, icyiciro cya gatatu) | Icyemezo cya AISC | CE Mark, Icyemezo cya DIN cyo mu Budage, Icyemezo cya CARES UK | |
| Icyemezo cya Sosiyete Sosiyete y'Ubushinwa (CCS), ibyemezo by'inganda zikora impamyabumenyi | Icyemezo cya FRA | |||
| Raporo yikizamini kumiterere yubukanishi, ubwiza bwa weld, nibindi byatanzwe nikindi kigo cyipimisha | ASME | |||
| Ibisobanuro: | |
| Ikaramu Nkuru | H-igice cyicyuma hamwe ninkingi, bishushanyije cyangwa bisizwe, C-igice cyangwa umuyoboro wibyuma, nibindi. |
| Ikiciro cya kabiri | ashyushye ashyushye C-purlin, guhuza ibyuma, karuvati, ikivi, ipfundikizo, nibindi. |
| Ikibaho | Ikibaho cya sandwich ya EPS, ikirahuri cya fibre sandwich, ikibaho cya sandwool, na PU sandwich ikibaho cyangwa icyuma, nibindi. |
| Ikibaho | sandwich ikibaho cyangwa urupapuro rwicyuma, nibindi. |
| Ihambire Inkoni | Umuyoboro w'icyuma |
| Ikirango | uruziga |
| Gupfukama | Inguni |
| Igishushanyo & Quotation: | |
| (1) Igishushanyo cyihariye cyakiriwe. | |
| (2) Kugirango tuguhe ibisobanuro nyabyo n'ibishushanyo, nyamuneka utumenyeshe uburebure, ubugari, uburebure bwa eave, nikirere cyaho. Twebwe azagusubiramo vuba. | |
Imiterere y'ibyumaIbice
Ibice bisanzwe nibyo byasobanuwe mubipimo byatangajwe kwisi yose kandi hari n'ibice byihariye / byihariye.
Ndamurika.
Z-imirishyo(hindura igice cya flanges)
HSS.
Inguni(Igice gisa na L)
Imiyoboro yubatswe, C umuyoboro, cyangwa "C" ibice
T Imirasire(T Imiterere).
Utubarini urukiramende mu bice byambukiranya, ariko ntabwo ari binini bihagije kugirango bisobanurwe nk'isahani.
Inkonini uruziga cyangwa kare kare hamwe n'uburebure burebure ugereranije n'ubugari bwabwo.
Isahanini impapuro zirenze mm 6 cyangwa 1⁄4 z'ubugari.
Imiterere yicyuma nuburyo ibyuma bikoreshwa nkibintu nyamukuru bitwara ibintu. Kandi kubera imbaraga nyinshi, uburemere bworoshye, ubwubatsi bwihuse hamwe n’imikorere myiza y’imitingito yimiterere yicyuma, yakoreshejwe henshi mubice byinshi. Ibice byingenzi byingenzi bikoreshwa ni:
Ubwubatsi
1. Inyubako zinganda- Inganda: gutunganya, metallurgie, ibihingwa bya shimi nibindi.
2. Ububiko: Ibikoresho binini n'ibikoresho byo kubika (nk'ububiko bwo hejuru-ububiko n'ububiko bukonje);
3. Inyubako za gisivili- Inyubako ndende cyane: Ikadiri nyamukuru yinyubako ndende-ndende (urugero: ibicu);
4. Inyubako rusange: Stade, amazu yimurikagurisha, inzu yimikino, ibibuga byindege nibindi.
5. Inyubako zo guturamo: Inyubako yo guturamo ifite imiterere yicyuma irakenewe.
Ibikorwa Remezo byo gutwara abantu
1. Ubwubatsi bw'ikiraro- Ibiraro birebire - Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi / umuhanda
2. Inzira ya Gariyamoshi na Sitasiyo- Gariyamoshi yihuta, gari ya moshi zihuza - Imodoka zitwara gari ya moshi
Ubwubatsi bwihariye nibikoresho
1. Ubwubatsi bwo mu nyanja- Ihuriro rya Offshore: Inzego z'ingenzi zo gucumura amavuta (ikoti, amagorofa ya Plat); kubaka ubwato
2. Imashini zo kuzamura no kubaka- Cranes - Imodoka zidasanzwe
3. Ibintu binini n'ibirimo- Ibigega byo kubika inganda - Ibikoresho bya mashini
Ibindi Bidasanzwe
1. Inyubako z'agateganyo: amazu yo gutabara ibiza, amazu yimurikagurisha yigihe gito, inyubako zateguwe, nibindi.
2. Ikirahure cyikirahurekubucuruzi bunini
3. Ingufu / ubucuruzi- iminara ya turbine yumuyaga (izunguruka ibyuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi) hamwe nizuba.
Uburyo bwo Gutema
1. Imyiteguro ibanza
Kugenzura Ibikoresho
Gushushanya Ibisobanuro
2. Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gutema
Gukata umuriro: Bikwiranye nicyuma cyoroheje cyoroshye nicyuma gito-cyoroshye, cyiza cyo gutunganya nabi.
Gukata Amazi: Bikwiranye nibikoresho bitandukanye, cyane cyane ibyuma byumva ubushyuhe cyangwa ibyuma bisobanutse neza, ibice byihariye.
Gutunganya gusudira
Ubu buryo bukoresha ubushyuhe, igitutu, cyangwa byombi (rimwe na rimwe nibikoresho byuzuza) kugirango ugere kuri atome ihuza ibice bigize ibyuma byubaka, bityo bigakora imiterere ihamye, ihuriweho. Nibikorwa byingenzi byo guhuza ibice mubikorwa byubwubatsi kandi bikoreshwa cyane mumazu, ibiraro, imashini, amato, nizindi nzego, bikagaragaza neza imbaraga, umutekano, numutekano wububiko.
Ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera byubwubatsi cyangwa raporo yubushobozi bwo gusudira (PQR), sobanura neza ubwoko bwahujwe bwo gusudira, ibipimo bya groove, ibipimo byo gusudira, umwanya wo gusudira, nicyiciro cyiza.
Gutunganya
Iyi nzira ikubiyemo uburyo bwa tekinike cyangwa muburyo bwo gukora umwobo mubice byubatswe byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Ibyo byobo bikoreshwa cyane cyane muguhuza ibice, kuyobora imiyoboro, no gushiraho ibikoresho. Nibikorwa byingenzi mubikorwa byubaka ibyuma kugirango habeho guteranya ibice hamwe nimbaraga zihuriweho.
Ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera byubwubatsi, vuga aho umwobo uhagaze (guhuza ibipimo), ingano, diameter, ingano yukuri (urugero, ± 1mm kwihanganira imyobo isanzwe, ± 0.5mm kwihanganira imyobo ikomeye cyane) hamwe nubwoko (umuzenguruko, muremure, nibindi). Kora ibibanza byerekana umwobo hejuru yikigice hamwe nigikoresho cyo gushiraho ikimenyetso (igipimo cya kaseti yerekana ibyuma, stylus, kare cyangwa icyitegererezo). Koresha icyitegererezo kugirango ukore aho uhurira nu mwobo ukomeye kugirango ufashe kwemeza neza imyitozo.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura hejuru burahari kurikubaka ibyuma, kuzamura neza kwangirika kwabo no kurwanya ingese, hamwe nubwiza bwabo.
Galvanizingni ihitamo rya kera kubirwanya ingese nziza.
Ifuitanga amabara meza hamwe nikirere gikomeye.
Epoxy coatingitanga ruswa nziza kandi irwanya ibidukikije bigoye.
Epoxy zinc ikungahaye cyaneitanga amashanyarazi meza kurinda hamwe nibirimo byinshi bya zinc.
Gushushanyaitanga ibintu byoroshye kandi bikoresha neza, byujuje ibyifuzo bitandukanye byo gushushanya.
Amavuta yumukarani uburyo bwubukungu kubintu byoroshye kurinda ruswa.
Itsinda ryacu ryo hejuru mumahanga bafite ubuhanga bwububatsi ninzobere mu bya tekinike bafite uburambe bwumushinga hamwe nigitekerezo cyo kuyobora igishushanyo mbonera gifite ubumenyi bukomeye bwubukanishi bwibyuma nibipimo bifitanye isano.
Gutwarwa na software igezweho igezweho nkaImodoka CAD,TEKLAnibindi, dushiraho uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwerekana amashusho yuburyo bwa 3D bwo kwerekana no gushushanya 2D yubuhanga, byerekana ibisobanuro byubunini bwa buri kintu, iboneza hamwe nuburyo butandukanye. Ibicuruzwa na serivisi byacu birahari kubuzima bwose bwumushinga, uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera byashushanyije kugeza ku bishushanyo mbonera byubatswe, kuva murwego rwo hejuru guhuza ibitekerezo kugeza kurwego rwubugenzuzi rusange. Dukora cyane ibisobanuro hamwe na milimetero-urwego rwukuri, duhuza tekiniki nubwenge bwubwubatsi.
Buri gihe duhora twibanda kubakiriya. Dushingiye kuri gahunda zose zigereranya no gukora imashini yigana, dutanga gahunda yubukungu yihariye ihura nibidukikije bitandukanye (inganda zinganda, inyubako zubucuruzi, ibiraro ninzira zibaho, nibindi.). Kubangamira umutekano wuburyo, imikoreshereze yibikoresho iragabanuka kandi inzira yubwubatsi iroroshe. Turatanga serivisi zuzuye zikurikirana zirimo gutanga ibishushanyo mbonera bya tekinike kurubuga. Ubuhanga bwacu butanga ibyemezo bya buri mushinga wo kubaka ibyuma, bikadutera kwizerwa, isoko imwe.
Uburyo bwo gupakira ibyuma byubaka bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe kubintu nkubwoko bwibigize, ingano, intera itwara abantu, ibidukikije bibikwa, hamwe nuburinzi bukenewe. Intego ni ukurinda guhindagurika, ingese, no kwangirika mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika.
Ibikurikira nuburyo bwo gupakira ibyuma:
1. Gupakira Bare (Kudapakira)
Kuri: Ibice binini kandi biremereye byuma (nkinkingi zibyuma, imirishyo, truss nini).
Ibiranga: Wibagiwe ibyaribyo byose byapakiwe, urashobora kwikorera no gupakurura hamwe nibikoresho byo guterura, muburyo butaziguye. Ariko ibice bigomba guhambirizwa mu bwikorezi kugirango birinde gutitira / kugira ingaruka.
Kurinda birenzeho: urashobora gutanga igifuniko cyigihe gito cyangwa gupfunyika ibice (umwobo wa bolt, hejuru ya flange) kugirango wirinde kwinjira no kwangirika.
2. Gupakira
Bikwiranye na: Ibiciriritse bito bisanzwe bigizwe nicyuma (nkicyuma gifata inguni, ibyuma byumuyoboro, imiyoboro yicyuma hamwe nisahani ntoya ihuza) kubwinshi.
Icyitonderwa: Guhambira ntibigomba gukomera. bunding irekuye kandi ibintu bizahinduka, niba bikabije birashobora gutera deformasiyo.
3. Agasanduku k'imbaho / Gupakira ibiti
Ikoreshwa rya Scenarios: ibice bito byicyuma (ibice byubukanishi: guhuza neza neza, nibindi), ibice byoroshye (nkibice bito nka bolts na nuts) cyangwa ibyuma bikenera gutwara intera ndende cyangwa ibyoherezwa hanze.
Inyungu: Kurinda cyane, kwitandukanya n’ibidukikije, kurengera ibidukikije, kurinda ubwikorezi burebure mu bidukikije bigoye.
4. Gupakira bidasanzwe
Kurwanya ruswa: Iyo ubitse ibice byibyuma cyangwa ahantu h’ubushuhe bwo gutwara ibice byibyuma, harasabwa ubundi buryo bwo kurwanya ingese uretse uburyo bwo gupfunyika hejuru.
Kurinda Ivugurura: Mugihe upakira ibyuma byoroshye kandi byoroshye (urugero nk'icyuma cyoroshye, icyuma cyoroshye cyane), koresha izindi nkunga (ibiti cyangwa ibyuma) nk'ibikoresho byo gupakira, kugirango wirinde gupakira no guhindurwa n'uburemere butaringaniye mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika.
Ubwikorezi:Express (Gutanga Icyitegererezo), Ikirere, Gariyamoshi, Ubutaka, Gariyamoshi, ubwato bwo mu nyanja (FCL cyangwa LCL cyangwa Ubwinshi)
Guhera kubicuruzwa byawe itsinda ryinzobere rirahari kugirango rigufashe kwishyiriraho ritanga inkunga yihuse. Kuva mugutezimbere gahunda yo kwishyiriraho kurubuga, kugeza kumpanuro yo kohereza tekinike mubikorwa byingenzi mugihe cyubwubatsi, kugeza gukorana nitsinda ryanyu ryubaka, twiyemeje gushiraho neza, neza bihindura muburyo bukomeye, butekanye, ibyuma.
Mugihe cyo kugurisha nyuma yicyiciro cyibicuruzwa, dutanga ubuyobozi bwo kubungabunga dukurikije ibiranga ibicuruzwa, kandi tugasubiza kubaza uburyo bwo kwita kubikoresho nubuzima bwimiterere.
Niba ufite ikibazo cyibicuruzwa byacu mugihe ubikoresheje, itsinda ryagurishijwe rizaguha igisubizo cyihuse, hamwe nubuhanga bwumwuga hamwe nimyitwarire ishinzwe kugufasha gukemura ibibazo byose.
Ikibazo: Ese ua ukora?
Igisubizo: Yego, turi uruganda rukora ibyuma bizenguruka mumudugudu wa Daqiuzhuang, umujyi wa Tianjin, mubushinwa
Ikibazo: Nshobora kugira itegeko ryo kugerageza toni nyinshi gusa?
Igisubizo: Birumvikana. Turashobora kohereza imizigo kuri u hamwe na seriveri ya LCL. (Umutwaro muto wa kontineri)
Ikibazo: Niba icyitegererezo ari ubuntu?
Igisubizo: Icyitegererezo kubuntu, ariko umuguzi yishyura ibicuruzwa.
Ikibazo: Waba utanga zahabu kandi ukora ubwishingizi bwubucuruzi?
Igisubizo: Twebwe imyaka 13 itanga zahabu kandi twemera ubwishingizi bwubucuruzi.













