Uruganda Rwiza rwo kugurisha Igorofa Igishushanyo mbonera nubukorikori bwinganda zububiko bwububiko
Ibyuma byubaka ni ubwoko bwainyubako zubaka ibyumaibikoresho bifite imiterere yihariye nibigize imiti bihuye nibisobanuro byumushinga.
Ukurikije ibisobanuro bifatika bya buri mushinga, ibyuma byubatswe birashobora kuza muburyo butandukanye, ingano, nibisobanuro. Bimwe birashyushye cyangwa bikonje, mugihe ibindi bisudira mubisahani binini cyangwa byunamye. Imiterere rusange yibyuma byubatswe birimo I-beam, ibyuma byihuta cyane, imiyoboro, inguni, na plaque.
Ibipimo mpuzamahanga kuriImiterere ya Frame Imiterere
GB 50017 (Ubushinwa): Igipimo cyigihugu cyubushinwa gikubiyemo imitwaro yubushakashatsi, ibisobanuro, igihe kirekire, nibipimo byumutekano.
AISC (US): Ubuyobozi buzwi cyane muri Amerika ya ruguru, bukubiyemo ibipimo byimitwaro, igishushanyo mbonera, hamwe n’ibihuza.
BS 5950 (UK): Yibanze kuringaniza umutekano, ubukungu, nuburyo bunoze.
EN 1993 - Eurocode 3 (EU): Urwego rwiburayi rwo guhuza igishushanyo mbonera cyibyuma.
| Bisanzwe | Igipimo cyigihugu | Ibipimo by'Abanyamerika | Igipimo cy’iburayi | |
| Intangiriro | Hamwe nibipimo byigihugu (GB) nkibyingenzi, byunganirwa namahame yinganda, byibanda kubikorwa byuzuye kugenzura ibishushanyo mbonera, ubwubatsi no kwemerwa | Twibanze ku bipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM n'ibisobanuro bya AISC, twibanze ku guhuza ibyemezo byigenga ku isoko n'ibipimo by'inganda. | EN urukurikirane rw'ibipimo (ibipimo by'i Burayi) | |
| Ibipimo ngenderwaho | Ibishushanyo mbonera | GB 50017-2017 | AISC （AISC 360-16） | EN 1993 |
| Ibipimo bifatika | GB / T 700-2006 、 GB / T 1591-2018 | ASTM Internationa | EN 10025 ikurikirana ryakozwe na CEN | |
| Ibipimo byo kubaka no kwemerwa | GB 50205-2020 | AWS D1.1 | EN 1011 urukurikirane | |
| Inganda zihariye | Kurugero, JT / T 722-2023 murwego rwikiraro, JGJ 99-2015 mubijyanye nubwubatsi | |||
| Ibyemezo bisabwa | Ibyuma byubaka ibyuma byubaka umwuga (icyiciro cyihariye, icyiciro cya mbere, icyiciro cya kabiri, icyiciro cya gatatu) | Icyemezo cya AISC | CE Mark, Icyemezo cya DIN cyo mu Budage, Icyemezo cya CARES UK | |
| Icyemezo cya Sosiyete Sosiyete y'Ubushinwa (CCS), ibyemezo by'inganda zikora impamyabumenyi | Icyemezo cya FRA | |||
| Raporo yikizamini kumiterere yubukanishi, ubwiza bwa weld, nibindi byatanzwe nikindi kigo cyipimisha | ASME | |||
| Ibisobanuro: | |
| Ikaramu Nkuru | H-igice cyicyuma hamwe ninkingi, bishushanyije cyangwa bisizwe, C-igice cyangwa umuyoboro wibyuma, nibindi. |
| Ikiciro cya kabiri | ashyushye ashyushye C-purlin, guhuza ibyuma, karuvati, ikivi, ipfundikizo, nibindi. |
| Ikibaho | Ikibaho cya sandwich ya EPS, ikirahuri cya fibre sandwich, ikibaho cya sandwool, na PU sandwich ikibaho cyangwa icyuma, nibindi. |
| Ikibaho | sandwich ikibaho cyangwa urupapuro rwicyuma, nibindi. |
| Ihambire Inkoni | Umuyoboro w'icyuma |
| Ikirango | uruziga |
| Gupfukama | Inguni |
| Igishushanyo & Quotation: | |
| (1) Igishushanyo cyihariye cyakiriwe. | |
| (2) Kugirango tuguhe ibisobanuro nyabyo n'ibishushanyo, nyamuneka utumenyeshe uburebure, ubugari, uburebure bwa eave, nikirere cyaho. Twebwe azagusubiramo vuba. | |
Imiterere y'ibyumaIbice
Ibice biboneka byasobanuwe mubipimo byatangajwe kwisi yose, kandi byihariye, ibice byihariye nabyo birahari.
I-beam.
Z-imirishyo(hindura igice cya flanges)
HSS(ibice byubatswe byubatswe, bizwi kandi nka SHS (ibice byubatswe byubatswe), harimo kare, urukiramende, uruziga (tubular), na oval igice)
Inguni(Ibice bya L)
Imiyoboro, C-ibice, cyangwa "C" ibice
T-imirishyo(Ibice bya T)
Utubari, ni urukiramende mu gice cyambukiranya ariko ntirugari bihagije ku buryo byafatwa nk'isahani.
Inkoni, ni uruziga cyangwa kare kare hamwe n'uburebure ugereranije n'ubugari bwabo.
Isahani, ni impapuro z'uburebure burenze mm 6 cyangwa 1⁄4.
Imiterere yicyuma ikoresha ibyuma nkibintu byambere bitwara imitwaro. Zikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye bitewe nibyiza byabo nkimbaraga nyinshi, uburemere bworoshye, kubaka byihuse, hamwe no kurwanya imitingito. Imikoreshereze yingenzi yimanza hamwe nibisabwa harimo:
Ubwubatsi
1. Inyubako zinganda - Inganda: nko gutunganya, metallurgie, ninganda zimiti
2.
3.
Inyubako rusange: Sitade, inzu zerekana imurikagurisha, inzu yimikino, ibibuga byindege, nibindi.
3. Inyubako zo guturamo: Inyubako zubakishijwe ibyuma
Ibikorwa Remezo byo gutwara abantu
1. Ubwubatsi bw'ikiraro - Ibiraro birebire - Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi / umuhanda
2. Inzira ya Gariyamoshi na Sitasiyo - Gariyamoshi yihuta cyane, gari ya moshi zihuza - Imodoka zitwara abagenzi
Ubwubatsi bwihariye nibikoresho
1.
Ubwubatsi bw'ubwato
2. Imashini zo kuzamura no kubaka - Cranes - Imodoka zidasanzwe
3. Ibikoresho binini n'ibikoresho - Ibigega byo kubika inganda - Ibikoresho bya mashini
Ibindi Bidasanzwe
1. Inyubako z'agateganyo: amazu yo gutabara ibiza, amazu yerekana imurikagurisha by'agateganyo, inyubako zateguwe, n'ibindi.
2. Ikirahuri cyikirahure gishyigikira amazu manini manini
3. Ingufu zingufu: iminara ya turbine yumuyaga (ikozwe mubyuma byimbaraga zikomeye) hamwe nizuba.
Uburyo bwo Gutema
1. Imyiteguro ibanza
Kugenzura Ibikoresho
Gushushanya Ibisobanuro
2. Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gutema
Gukata umuriro: Bikwiranye nicyuma cyoroheje cyoroshye nicyuma gito-cyoroshye, cyiza cyo gutunganya nabi.
Gukata Amazi: Bikwiranye nibikoresho bitandukanye, cyane cyane ibyuma byumva ubushyuhe cyangwa ibyuma bisobanutse neza, ibice byihariye.
Gutunganya gusudira
Ubu buryo bukoresha ubushyuhe, igitutu, cyangwa byombi (rimwe na rimwe nibikoresho byuzuza) kugirango ugere kuri atome ihuza ibice bigize ibyuma byubaka, bityo bigakora imiterere ihamye, ihuriweho. Nibikorwa byingenzi byo guhuza ibice mubikorwa byubwubatsi kandi bikoreshwa cyane mumazu, ibiraro, imashini, amato, nizindi nzego, bikagaragaza neza imbaraga, umutekano, numutekano wububiko.
Ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera byubwubatsi cyangwa raporo yubushobozi bwo gusudira (PQR), sobanura neza ubwoko bwahujwe bwo gusudira, ibipimo bya groove, ibipimo byo gusudira, umwanya wo gusudira, nicyiciro cyiza.
Gutunganya
Iyi nzira ikubiyemo uburyo bwa tekinike cyangwa muburyo bwo gukora umwobo mubice byubatswe byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Ibyo byobo bikoreshwa cyane cyane muguhuza ibice, kuyobora imiyoboro, no gushiraho ibikoresho. Nibikorwa byingenzi mubikorwa byubaka ibyuma kugirango habeho guteranya ibice hamwe nimbaraga zihuriweho.
Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, vuga aho umwobo uhagaze (guhuza ibipimo), umubare, diameter, urwego rwukuri (urugero, ± 1mm kwihanganira imyobo isanzwe, ± 0.5mm kwihanganira umwobo ufite imbaraga nyinshi), n'ubwoko bw'umwobo (kuzenguruka, uburebure, n'ibindi). Koresha igikoresho cyo gushiraho ikimenyetso (nk'icyuma gipima ibyuma, stylus, kare, cyangwa icyitegererezo) kugirango ushire ahaboneka umwobo hejuru yibigize. Koresha icyitegererezo kugirango ukore ahantu hacukurwa kugirango umenye neza aho ucukura.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura hejuru burahari kurikubaka ibyuma, kuzamura neza kwangirika kwabo no kurwanya ingese, hamwe nubwiza bwabo.
Galvanizingni ihitamo rya kera kubirwanya ingese nziza.
Ifuitanga amabara meza hamwe nikirere gikomeye.
Epoxy coatingitanga ruswa nziza kandi irwanya ibidukikije bigoye.
Epoxy zinc ikungahaye cyaneitanga amashanyarazi meza kurinda hamwe nibirimo byinshi bya zinc.
Gushushanyaitanga ibintu byoroshye kandi bikoresha neza, byujuje ibyifuzo bitandukanye byo gushushanya.
Amavuta yumukarani uburyo bwubukungu kubintu byoroshye kurinda ruswa.
Itsinda ryacu ryindashyikirwa ryinzobere zububatsi ninzobere mu bya tekinike zifite uburambe bwumushinga hamwe nibitekerezo bigezweho, hamwe no gusobanukirwa byimbitse ubukanishi bwububiko nuburinganire bwinganda.
Gukoresha porogaramu ishushanya ubuhanga nkaAutoCADnaImiterere ya Tekla, twubaka sisitemu yuzuye yo gushushanya, kuva moderi ya 3D kugeza kuri 2D yubuhanga, kwerekana neza ibipimo bigize ibice, ibishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye. Serivise zacu zikubiyemo ubuzima bwose bwumushinga, uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera byabanjirije ibishushanyo mbonera byubatswe, kuva murwego rwo guhuza ibitekerezo kugeza kugenzura muri rusange. Twagenzuye neza amakuru arambuye hamwe na milimetero-urwego rwukuri, twemeza ubuhanga bukomeye kandi bwubaka.
Twama twibanda kubakiriya. Binyuze mu buryo bwuzuye bwo kugereranya no kugereranya imikorere, dukoresha uburyo bwogukora ibisubizo byuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye (inganda zinganda, inganda zubucuruzi, ibiraro ninzira zibaho, nibindi). Mugihe umutekano wubatswe, tugabanya imikoreshereze yibikoresho kandi tunonosora inzira yo kubaka. Dutanga serivisi zuzuye zo gukurikirana, kuva gushushanya kugeza kurubuga rwa tekiniki. Ubunyamwuga bwacu butuma ishyirwa mubikorwa rya buri mushinga wubaka ibyuma, bikatugira umufatanyabikorwa wizewe, umwe.
Uburyo bwo gupakira ibyuma byubaka bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe kubintu nkubwoko bwibigize, ingano, intera itwara abantu, ibidukikije bibikwa, hamwe nuburinzi bukenewe. Intego ni ukurinda guhindagurika, ingese, no kwangirika mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupakira ibyuma birimo:
1. Gupakira Bare (Gupakira)
Bikoreshwa kuri: Ibikoresho binini kandi biremereye (nk'inkingi z'ibyuma, imirishyo, na truss nini).
Ibiranga: Nta bindi bikoresho byo gupakira bisabwa, byemerera gupakira no gupakurura hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo guterura. Ariko, ibice bigomba kuba bifite umutekano mugihe cyo gutwara kugirango birinde kunyeganyega no kugongana.
Kurinda by'inyongera: Guhuza ibice (nk'imyobo ya bolt hamwe na flange hejuru) birashobora gukingirwa ibifuniko by'agateganyo cyangwa gupfunyika plastike kugirango wirinde kwinjira no kwangirika.
2. Gupakira
Bikurikizwa kuri: Gitoya kugeza murwego ruciriritse, buri gihe igizwe nibyuma (nk'icyuma gifata inguni, ibyuma byumuyoboro, imiyoboro y'ibyuma, hamwe n'ibyapa bito bihuza) ku bwinshi.
Icyitonderwa: Guhuza bigomba kuba bifatanye neza. Kurekura cyane birashobora gutera byoroshye guhinduranya ibice, mugihe gukomatanya cyane bishobora gutera ihinduka.
3. Agasanduku k'imbaho / Gupakira ibiti
Ibintu bikurikizwa: Ibikoresho bito bito (nkibikoresho byibyuma mubice byubukanishi hamwe nu murongo uhuza neza), ibice byoroshye (nkibice bito nka bolts na nuts), cyangwa ibyuma bisaba gutwara intera ndende cyangwa kohereza hanze.
Ibyiza: Kurinda bihebuje, kurinda neza ibidukikije, bikwiranye no gutwara intera ndende no kubika ahantu bigoye.
4. Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gukingira
Kurinda Ruswa: Kubice byibyuma bizabikwa igihe kirekire cyangwa bitwarwa ahantu h’ubushuhe, hiyongereyeho uburyo bwo gupakira hejuru, birasabwa kuvura anti-rust.
Kurinda Ivugurura: Kubikoresho byoroheje, bikikijwe n'inkuta zoroshye (nk'ibiti by'ibyuma byoroheje ndetse n'abagize ibyuma byoroheje), hagomba kongerwaho izindi nyubako zunganira (nk'ibiti cyangwa ibiti by'icyuma) bigomba kongerwaho mugihe cyo gupakira kugirango hirindwe kunama no guhinduka bitewe n'imizigo itaringaniye mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika.
Ubwikorezi:Express (Gutanga Icyitegererezo), Ikirere, Gariyamoshi, Ubutaka, Gariyamoshi, ubwato bwo mu nyanja (FCL cyangwa LCL cyangwa Ubwinshi)
Kuva igihe ibicuruzwa byawe byatanzwe, itsinda ryacu ryumwuga rizatanga inkunga yuzuye mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, ritanga ubufasha bwitondewe. Haba gutezimbere gahunda yo kwishyiriraho, gutanga ubuyobozi bwa tekinike kubintu byingenzi byingenzi, cyangwa gufatanya nitsinda ryubwubatsi, duharanira gukora neza kandi neza, gushiraho, kurinda umutekano numutekano wibyuma byawe.
Mugihe cyibicuruzwa nyuma yicyiciro cyibikorwa byo gukora, turatanga ibyifuzo byo kubungabunga bijyanye nibiranga ibicuruzwa kandi tugasubiza ibibazo bijyanye no kwita kubintu no kuramba.
Niba uhuye nibibazo byose bijyanye nibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gukoresha, itsinda ryacu nyuma yo kugurisha rizitabira bidatinze, ritanga ubumenyi bwubuhanga bwumwuga hamwe ninshingano ishinzwe gukemura ibibazo byose.
Ikibazo: Ese ua ukora?
Igisubizo: Yego, turi uruganda rukora ibyuma bizenguruka mumudugudu wa Daqiuzhuang, umujyi wa Tianjin, mubushinwa
Ikibazo: Nshobora kugira itegeko ryo kugerageza toni nyinshi gusa?
Igisubizo: Birumvikana. Turashobora kohereza imizigo kuri u hamwe na seriveri ya LCL. (Umutwaro muto wa kontineri)
Ikibazo: Niba icyitegererezo ari ubuntu?
Igisubizo: Icyitegererezo kubuntu, ariko umuguzi yishyura ibicuruzwa.
Ikibazo: Waba utanga zahabu kandi ukora ubwishingizi bwubucuruzi?
Igisubizo: Twebwe imyaka 13 itanga zahabu kandi twemera ubwishingizi bwubucuruzi.
