Icyuma cy'inyubako cyateguwe mu nganda gifite igiciro gito, icyumba cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri, inyubako y'ububiko bw'ibyuma byagenwe
Icyuma cyubatswe mu nyubako bivuga ibikoresho by'icyuma bikoreshwa muinyubako z'ibyuma, byakozwe bifite imiterere idahinduka n'ibinyabutabire kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa byihariye by'imishinga y'ubuhanga.
Dukurikije imiterere yihariye y'imishinga itandukanye, ibyuma by'ubwubatsi biza mu buryo butandukanye, ingano n'ibipimo. Bimwe bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bushyushye bwo gukurura cyangwa gukonjesha, mu gihe ibindi bikorwa hakoreshejwe gusudira cyangwa gupfunyika ibyuma birambuye. Ubwoko busanzwe bw'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi burimoImirasire ya I, Imirasire ya H, imiyoboro y'icyuma, inguni z'icyumanaamasahani y'icyuma.
Amahame Mpuzamahanga yaImiterere y'icyuma
GB 50017 (Ubushinwa):Iri ni ihame ry’igihugu mu Bushinwa rigena imitwaro y’igishushanyo mbonera, ibisobanuro by’inyubako, ibisabwa kugira ngo birambe, n’ibisabwa mu mutekano ku nyubako z’ibyuma.
AISC (Amerika):Nk'igipimo ngenderwaho gikoreshwa cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru, gikemura ibibazo by'imitwaro, amahame y'imiterere y'inyubako, n'imiterere y'imiyoboro.
BS 5950 (Ubwongereza):Iri hame ry’Abongereza rishimangira uburyo buringaniye bwo kwirinda, gukoresha neza ikiguzi, no gukoresha neza imiterere y’inyubako.
EN 1993 – Eurocode 3 (EU):Ikora nk'amahame ngenderwaho y'Uburayi agenga imiterere y'ibyuma mu bihugu byose bigize Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi.
| Igisanzwe | Ihame ry'Igihugu | Ihame ry'Abanyamerika | Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'i Burayi | |
| Intangiriro | Hamwe n'amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu (GB) nk'ishingiro, yunganiwe n'amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda, bishimangira igenzura ryuzuye ry'imikorere y'igishushanyo mbonera, ubwubatsi n'iyemerwa | Twibanda ku mahame ngenderwaho y’ibikoresho bya ASTM n’ibipimo by’imiterere ya AISC, twibanda ku guhuza icyemezo cyigenga ku isoko n’amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda. | Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN (ibipimo ngenderwaho by'i Burayi) | |
| Amahame Ngenderwaho | Amahame ngenderwaho mu gushushanya | GB 50017-2017 | AISC (AISC 360-16) | EN 1993 |
| Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibikoresho | GB / T 700-2006 、 GB / T 1591-2018 | ASTM Internationala | EN 10025 ikurikirana ryakozwe na CEN | |
| Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ubwubatsi n'ibyo kwakira | GB 50205-2020 | AWS D1.1 | Urukurikirane rwa EN 1011 | |
| Amahame ngenderwaho yerekeye inganda | Urugero, JT/T 722-2023 mu bijyanye n'ibiraro, JGJ 99-2015 mu bijyanye n'ubwubatsi | |||
| Impamyabumenyi zisabwa | impamyabumenyi y'umwuga mu by'ubwubatsi bw'ibyuma (icyiciro cyihariye, icyiciro cya mbere, icyiciro cya kabiri, icyiciro cya gatatu) | Icyemezo cya AISC | CE Mark, Icyemezo cya DIN cy'Abadage, Icyemezo cya CARES mu Bwongereza | |
| Icyemezo cy’Umuryango w’Ubushinwa mu Gushyira mu Bice (CCS), icyemezo cy’uko ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gitanga imiterere y’ibyuma gihagaze. | icyemezo cya FRA | |||
| Raporo z'ibizamini ku miterere y'ibikoresho, ubuziranenge bwa solder, n'ibindi byatanzwe n'ikigo cy'ibizamini cy'uruhande rwa gatatu | ASME | |||
Imiterere y'icyumaIbice
Ibice biboneka bisobanurwa mu mahame ngenderwaho yasohotse ku isi yose, kandi n'ibice byihariye kandi bifite umwihariko biraboneka.
Imirasire ya I(ibice binini "I"—mu Bwongereza, ibi birimo imirasire isanzwe (UB) n'inkingi zisanzwe (UC); mu Burayi, ibi birimo IPE, HE, HL, HD, n'ibindi bice; muri Amerika, ibi birimo ibice binini (WF cyangwa W-shaped) n'ibice bifite ishusho ya H)
Z-imirasire(ibice bibiri by'inyuma)
HSS(ibice by'imiterere y'ubururu, bizwi kandi nka SHS (ibice by'imiterere y'ubururu), birimo kare, urukiramende, uruziga (tubular), n'ibice by'urukiramende)
Inguni(Ibice bifite ishusho ya L)
Imiyoboro y'imiterere, ibice bifite ishusho ya C, cyangwa ibice bya "C"
Imirasire ya T(Ibice bifite ishusho ya T)
Utubari, zifite impande enye z'urukiramende ariko zidahagije ku buryo zishobora gufatwa nk'ikibaho.
Inkoni, ari ibice by'uruziga cyangwa kare bifite uburebure ugereranyije n'ubugari bwabyo.
Amasahani, zifite ubunini bwa sheet metal burenga mm 6 cyangwa santimetero 1⁄4.
Inyubako z'icyuma zikoresha icyuma nk'igice cy'ingenzi gitwara imizigo. Zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye bitewe n'ibyiza byazo nko gukomera cyane, uburemere bworoheje, ubwubatswe vuba, no kudakomera neza mu mihindagurikire y'isi. Ikoreshwa ryayo ry'ingenzi n'ahantu ikoreshwa harimo:
Ubwubatsi bw'Ubwubatsi
1. Inyubako z'inganda - Inganda: nko gukora imashini, gukora ibyuma, n'inganda zikora imiti
2. Ibigega: Ibigo binini byo kubikamo ibintu n'ububiko (nk'ububiko bunini bw'ibigega n'ububiko bukonje);
3. Inyubako za gisivili - Inyubako ndende: Inyubako nini z'inyubako ndende cyane (nk'inyubako ndende);
Inyubako rusange: Sitade, ibyumba by'imurikagurisha, amakinamico, aho ikibuga cy'indege gihagarara, n'ibindi.
3. Inyubako zo guturamo: Inyubako zo guturamo zubatswe mu byuma
Ibikorwaremezo by'ubwikorezi
1. Ubwubatsi bw'ibiraro - Ibiraro birebire - Ibiraro bya gari ya moshi/umuhanda munini
2. Gare na Gare - Gare zihuta cyane, aho gari ya moshi zihagarara - Imodoka zitwara abantu
Ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho byihariye
1. Ubwubatsi bw'Amato - Amapuratifomu yo mu mazi: Inyubako z'ingenzi z'amapuratifomu yo gucukura peteroli (nk'amakoti n'amabaraza yo ku mapuratifomu);
Kubaka amato
2. Imashini zo kuzamura no kubaka - Cranes - Imodoka zidasanzwe
3. Ibikoresho binini n'amakonteyineri - Ibigega byo kubikamo ibikoresho by'inganda - Inkingi z'ibikoresho bya mekanike
Izindi mimerere zidasanzwe
1. Inyubako z'agateganyo: amacumbi y'ubutabazi bw'ibiza, amazu y'imurikagurisha ry'agateganyo, inyubako zateguwe mbere, n'ibindi.
2. Ibikoresho by'ikirahure bishyigikira amasoko manini y'ubucuruzi
3. Ingufu: iminara ya turbine y'umuyaga (ikozwe mu byuma bizinze bikomeye) n'ibice by'imirasire y'izuba.
Uburyo bwo gutema
1. Imirimo yo gutegura
Igenzura n'igenzura ry'ibikoresho
Isuzuma ry'ibishushanyo n'uburyo bwo gusobanukirwa
2. Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gutema
Gukata umuriro:Ni byiza cyane ku cyuma kinini cyoroheje n'icyuma gito, gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho bikomeye.
Gukata indege yo mu mazi:Ikorana n'ibikoresho bitandukanye, cyane cyane icyuma gishyuha cyane ndetse n'ibice bifite ishusho yihariye kandi ikora neza cyane.
Gutunganya gusudira
Ubu buryo buhuza ibice by'icyuma ku ngingo hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe, igitutu, cyangwa byombi (hamwe n'icyuma cyuzuza aho bikenewe), bigatuma habaho imiterere ikomeye kandi ihuriweho. Nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guhuza mu gukora ibyuma, bukoreshwa cyane mu bwubatsi, ibiraro, imashini, kubaka amato n'ahandi, kandi bugena neza imbaraga, ituze n'umutekano by'ibyuma.
Kurikiza ibishushanyo mbonera by'ubwubatsi cyangwa Raporo z'Ubuziranenge bw'Uburyo bwo Gusudira (PQR) kugira ngo usobanure neza ubwoko bw'ubusudi, ingano y'umuyoboro, ingano y'ubusudi, aho gusudira biherereye n'urwego rw'ubuziranenge.
Gutunganya Gukubita
Iyi nzira yerekeza ku byobo bicukurwa mu buryo bwa mekanike cyangwa mu buryo bw'umubiri mu byuma kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Ibyo byobo bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza ibice, gushyiraho imiyoboro no guteranya ibikoresho. Nk'igikorwa cy'ingenzi mu gukora imiterere y'icyuma, bigenzura neza ko ibice by'icyuma biteranywa neza kandi ko bikomera mu guhuza ibice.
Dukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera, emeza aho umwobo uherereye (ingano z’aho uherereye), ingano, umurambararo, urwego rw’ubuziranenge (urugero: ± 1mm yo kwihanganira imyobo isanzwe y’amaboliti, ± 0.5mm yo kwihanganira imyobo ikomeye cyane y’amaboliti) n’ubwoko bw’imyobo (uruziga, uburebure, nibindi). Shyira akamenyetso ku myanya y’imyobo ku buso bw’igice ukoresheje ibikoresho byo kugena aho uherereye nk’icyuma giteretseho, icyuma cyo gukanda, icyuma cyo gukanda impande n’igice cyo hagati. Ku myobo y’ingenzi, koresha icyuma cyo gukanda hagati kugira ngo ukore ahantu ho gushyira ibintu kugira ngo urebe neza ko ucukura.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ubuso burahariinyubako y'ibyuma, bikongera neza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese n'ingufu, ndetse no gutuma ubwiza bwabyo burushaho kuba bwiza.
Gutunganya ibyumani igisubizo gakondo kandi gikoreshwa cyane, gitanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku nyubako z'icyuma rusange.
Gusiga ifuitanga amabara menshi kandi irwanya ikirere cyane, bigatuma iba nziza ku bikoresho byo hanze bifite imiterere igaragara cyane.
Gusiga epoxyitanga uburinzi bwiza bwa ruswa kandi yagenewe ibidukikije bikomeye nko ku nkombe no mu nganda.
Igitambaro gikungahaye kuri zinc nyinshi mu buryo bwa epoxyitanga uburinzi bwizewe bwa elegitoroniki bitewe n'uko ifite zinc nyinshi, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu kurwanya ingese cyane.
Gushushanya bisanzweirahindagurika kandi ihendutse, ishobora guhaza ibikenewe bitandukanye byo gushushanya no kurinda by'ibanze.
Igipfukisho cy'amavuta y'umukaraikora nk'amahitamo ahendutse ku bisabwa byoroshye kandi by'igihe gito byo kurinda ingese.
Itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi n’inzobere mu bya tekiniki rifite uburambe bwinshi mu mishinga n’ibitekerezo bigezweho byo gushushanya, rifite ubumenyi bwimbitse ku miterere y’ibyuma n’amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda.
Gukoresha porogaramu z'umwuga zo gushushanya nkaAutoCADnaImiterere ya Tekla, twubaka sisitemu yuzuye yo gushushanya amashusho, kuva kuri moderi za 3D kugeza kuri gahunda z’ubuhanga za 2D, zigaragaza neza ingano y’ibice, imiterere y’ingingo, n’imiterere y’ahantu. Serivisi zacu zikubiyemo ubuzima bwose bw’umushinga, kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ibanze kugeza ku bishushanyo mbonera by’inyubako birambuye, kuva ku kunoza ingingo kugeza ku kugenzura imiterere rusange. Dugenzura neza ibisobanuro birambuye ku rwego rwa milimetero, tugenzura neza imiterere ya tekiniki no kubakwa neza.
Duhora twibanda ku bakiriya. Binyuze mu kugereranya gahunda zose no kwigana imikorere ya mekanike, duhindura uburyo bwo gushushanya ku buryo buhendutse ku buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha (inganda, amazu y'ubucuruzi, ibiraro n'imihanda y'imbaho, nibindi). Mu gihe twita ku mutekano w'inyubako, tugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho kandi tworoshya inzira yo kubaka. Dutanga serivisi zuzuye zo gukurikirana, kuva ku gukurura kugeza ku gutanga amakuru ya tekiniki aho hantu. Ubunyamwuga bwacu butuma buri mushinga w'ibyuma ushyirwa mu bikorwa neza, bigatuma tuba abafatanyabikorwa bizeye kandi batanga imiterere imwe.
Uburyo bwo gupfunyika ibyuma butoranywa hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'ibice, ingano, intera yo kubitwara, aho bibikwa ndetse n'ibisabwa mu kurinda. Intego yabyo nyamukuru ni ukwirinda kwangirika, ingese no kwangirika mu gihe cyo kubitwara no kubibika.
Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gupakira
Gupfunyikamo ubusa
Ikwiriye ibyuma binini kandi biremereye, harimo inkingi z'icyuma, imiringa n'imiringa minini.
Ibiranga: Nta bikoresho byo gupfunyika by'inyongera, byemerera guterura no gupakira ibintu mu buryo butaziguye. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bihamye mu gihe cyo kubitwara kugira ngo hirindwe ko bigenda cyangwa kugongana.
Uburinzi bw'inyongera: Umwobo w'amapine, ubuso bw'ibice bifunganye n'ibindi bifatanye bishobora gupfukwa n'imipfundikizo y'agateganyo cyangwa firime ya pulasitiki kugira ngo birindwe.
Gupakira hamwe
Ikwiriye ingano nini y'ibyuma bisanzwe bito n'ibiciriritse, nk'icyuma cy'inguni, icyuma cy'imiyoboro, imiyoboro y'icyuma n'ibice bito bihuza.
Icyitonderwa: Gupfunyika bigomba kuba biri hagati. Gupfunyika birebire bishobora gutuma ibice bihinduka, mu gihe gupfunyika cyane bishobora gutuma ibice bihinduka.
Agasanduku k'imbaho / Udupaki tw'imbaho
Ikwiriye ibice bito by'icyuma bito bitunganye, ibice byoroshye (bolts, nuts, nibindi) hamwe n'ibikoresho by'icyuma bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu kure cyangwa mu mahanga.
Ibyiza: Kurinda ibidukikije ku rwego rwo hejuru, ni byiza cyane mu gutwara ibintu kure no kubibika ahantu hagoye.
Gupakira byihariye birinda
Kurinda ingese: Kugira ngo ibikwe cyangwa bifashishwe mu gihe kirekire ahantu hashyushye, hakenewe ubundi buryo bwo kubirwanya.
Kurinda kwangirika: Ku bice bito kandi binini, hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho by'imbaho cyangwa ibyuma byiyongeraho kugira ngo hirindwe kunama no kwangirika guterwa n'imitwaro idahwanye.
Ubwikorezi:Gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa "Express Delivery", "Air, Gari ya moshi", "Land", "Gari ya moshi", "Meli" (FCL cyangwa LCL cyangwa Bulk)
Iyo ibikoresho byawe by'icyuma bimaze kugezwa, itsinda ryacu ry'inzobere rizaguha ubufasha bwuzuye mu gihe cyose cyo gushyiraho. Dufasha kunoza gahunda zo gushyiraho aho hantu, dutanga ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki ku bikorwa by'ingenzi, kandi tugakorana bya hafi n'itsinda ry'abubatsi kugira ngo dushyireho neza kandi neza, kugira ngo twizere ko inyubako yawe ihamye kandi itekanye.
Ku bw'ubufasha nyuma yo kugurisha, dutanga inama zihariye zo kubungabunga ibikoresho bishingiye ku miterere yabyo, kandi tugasubiza ibibazo byose bijyanye no kwita ku bikoresho no kuramba kw'inyubako. Niba hari ikibazo kivutse mu gihe cyo kubikoresha, itsinda ryacu nyuma yo kugurisha rizahita rikemura ibibazo hifashishijwe ubufasha bw'inzobere mu bya tekiniki.
Q: Ese ni abakora uruganda rwa UA?
A: Yego, turi abakora imiyoboro y'ibyuma bizunguruka iherereye mu mujyi wa Tianjin, mu Bushinwa.
Q: Ese nshobora kubona itegeko ryo kugerageza toni nyinshi gusa?
A: Birumvikana. Dushobora kohereza imizigo kuri wewe dukoresheje serivisi ya LCL. (Umutwaro muto w'amakontenari)
Q: Niba nta ngero zitanzwe?
A: Nta ngero zitangwa, ariko umuguzi ni we wishyura ibicuruzwa.
Q: Uri umucuruzi wa zahabu kandi ufite garanti y'ubucuruzi?
A: Dutanga zahabu mu myaka 13 kandi twemera ubwishingizi bw'ubucuruzi.
-
Imashini ihendutse ya GB Standard Y12 Y20 Alloy Free-machine...
-
Urupapuro rw'icyuma gishyushye cya ASTM A529 – I...
-
Igurishwa Rishyushye Ubwoko bwose bw'Ibyuma by'Ibumba Rishyushye ...
-
EN S235JR Iburayi H Amashanyarazi - HEA / HEB / H ...
-
Igiciro cyo hejuru cya A36 Carbon Sheet Material C...
-
Gahunda ya ASTM A53 Gr. B ERW 40 Black Carbon Ste...
