Mu miyoboro yinganda nuburyo bukoreshwa,imiyoboro idafite ibyumagufata umwanya ukomeye kubera inyungu zabo zidasanzwe. Itandukaniro ryabo kuva imiyoboro isudira nibiranga ni ibintu byingenzi muguhitamo imiyoboro iboneye.
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma itanga inyungu zingenzi kurenza imiyoboro yasudutse. Imiyoboro yo gusudira ikorwa no gusudira ibyuma hamwe, bikaviramo gusudira. Ibi mubisanzwe bigabanya imbaraga zabo zo guhangana nigitutu kandi birashobora gutuma umuntu atemba mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi bitewe no guhangayikishwa cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, imiyoboro idafite ibyuma idafite icyuma, ikorwa binyuze mu buryo bumwe bwo gukora umuzingo, ikuraho ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Barashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi nubushuhe, bigatuma barushaho kwizerwa mubikorwa nko gutwara peteroli na gaze hamwe no guteka cyane. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro idafite ibyuma itanga uburebure bwurukuta runini, ikuraho itandukaniro ryuburebure bwurukuta rwatewe no gusudira, kunoza imiterere, no gutanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. Ubuzima bwabo bwa serivisi burenze 30% kurenza imiyoboro isudira.
Ibikorwa byo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma birakomeye kandi biragoye, cyane cyane birimo kuzunguruka no gushushanya bikonje. Inzira ishyushye ishyushya fagitire yicyuma igera kuri 1200 ° C, hanyuma ikayizunguza mu ruganda rutobora mu muyoboro wuzuye. Umuyoboro uhita unyura mu ruganda runini kugirango uhindure diameter hamwe n urusyo rugabanya kugenzura ubugari bwurukuta. Hanyuma, ihura no gukonjesha, kugorora, no kumenya inenge. Uburyo bwo gushushanya ubukonje bukoresha umuyoboro ushyushye nkibikoresho fatizo. Nyuma yo gutoragura kugirango ukureho igipimo cya oxyde, gishushanywa muburyo ukoresheje urusyo rukonje. Annealing noneho irasabwa gukuraho imihangayiko yimbere, ikurikirwa no kurangiza no kugenzura. Mubikorwa byombi, imiyoboro ishyushye irakwiranye na diametero nini n'inkuta zibyibushye, mugihe imiyoboro ikurura ubukonje irusha inyungu diametero ntoya hamwe nibisabwa neza.
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ikubiyemo amanota yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga kugira ngo ahuze ibikenewe bitandukanye.
Ibikoresho byo murugo ni ibyuma bya karubone nicyuma kivanze:
20 # ibyuma, ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane muri karubone, bitanga plastike nziza kandi byoroshye gutunganya, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mumiyoboro rusange.
45 # ibyuma bitanga imbaraga zisumba izindi kandi birakwiriye mubice byububiko. Mu miyoboro y'ibyuma bivanze, 15CrMo ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi no kunyerera, bigatuma biba ibikoresho byibanze kumashanyarazi.
304 umuyoboro udafite ingese, kubera uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa, ushimwa cyane mu nganda zitunganya imiti n’ibiribwa.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe mpuzamahanga nabyo bikoreshwa cyane:
Ukurikije ASTM yo muri Amerika,A106-B ibyuma bya karubone umuyoboro udafite kasheni amahitamo asanzwe yo gutwara peteroli na gaze gasanzwe. Imbaraga zayo zingana kugera kuri MPa 415-550 kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo gukora kuva kuri 29 ° C kugeza 454 ° C.
Umuyoboro wa A335-P91, ubikesha chromium-molybdenum-vanadium ibivanze, itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe zo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no kurwanya okiside, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro minini y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi adasanzwe.
Ukurikije ibipimo by’iburayi EN, P235GH ibyuma bya karubone biva mu ruhererekane rwa EN 10216-2 birakwiriye kubiciriritse buciriritse n’umuvuduko ukabije hamwe n’amato.
Umuyoboro wa P92 urenze P91 mubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi niwo wahisemo kubikorwa binini binini byamashanyarazi. JIS isanzwe ya STPG370 umuyoboro wa karubone utanga umusaruro ushimishije kandi ukoreshwa cyane munganda rusange.
SUS316L umuyoboro w'icyuma, ishingiye ku byuma 304 bidafite ingese, yongeraho molybdenum kugira ngo irusheho kurwanya cyane iyangirika rya chloride ion, bigatuma ibera ubwubatsi bwo mu nyanja na aside ya chimique no gutwara alkali.
Kubijyanye nubunini, imiyoboro yicyuma idafite uburebure buri hagati ya diametre yo hanze kuva 10mm kugeza 630mm, hamwe nuburebure bwurukuta kuva 1mm kugeza 70mm.
Mu buhanga busanzwe, diameter yo hanze ya 15mm kugeza 108mm hamwe nuburebure bwurukuta rwa 2mm kugeza 10mm.
Kurugero, imiyoboro ifite diameter yo hanze ya 25mm hamwe nuburebure bwurukuta rwa 3mm ikunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu ya hydraulic, mugihe imiyoboro ifite diameter yo hanze ya 89mm nuburebure bwurukuta rwa 6mm ikwiranye nogutwara ibitangazamakuru byimiti.
Ubwa mbere, genzura ibyemezo bifatika kugirango umenye neza ko imiterere yimiti nubukanishi byujuje ibisabwa. Kurugero, imbaraga zumusaruro wa 20 # ibyuma ntizigomba kuba munsi ya 245 MPa, kandi imbaraga zumusaruro wa ASTM A106-B zigomba kuba MP240 MPa.
Icya kabiri, genzura isura nziza. Ubuso bugomba kuba butarimo inenge nko gucikamo ibice, kandi gutandukana kwurukuta rugomba kugenzurwa muri ± 10%.
Byongeye kandi, hitamo ibicuruzwa hamwe nibikorwa bikwiye hamwe nibikoresho bishingiye kubisabwa. Imiyoboro ishyushye hamwe n'amavuta nka A335-P91 bikundwa kubidukikije byumuvuduko mwinshi, mugihe imiyoboro ikurura imbeho isabwa kubikoresho byuzuye. SUS316L imiyoboro idafite ibyuma irasabwa kubidukikije byo mu nyanja cyangwa byangirika cyane.
Hanyuma, saba ko utanga isoko atanga raporo yerekana inenge, yibanda ku kumenya inenge zihishe imbere kugirango wirinde ibibazo byiza bishobora guhungabanya umutekano wumushinga.
Ibi bisoza ikiganiro kuri iki kibazo. Niba wifuza kumenya byinshi kubyerekeye imiyoboro idafite ibyuma, nyamuneka twandikire ukoresheje uburyo bukurikira kandi itsinda ryacu ryabacuruzi babigize umwuga bazishimira kugufasha.
ITSINDA RY'UMWAMI
Aderesi
Inganda ziterambere rya Kangsheng,
Intara ya Wuqing, umujyi wa Tianjin, Ubushinwa.
Amasaha
Ku wa mbere-Ku cyumweru: Serivise y'amasaha 24
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2025