Mu miyoboro y'inganda n'ikoreshwa mu bwubatsi,imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora nezaifite umwanya ukomeye bitewe n'inyungu zayo zidasanzwe. Itandukaniro ryayo n'imiyoboro ishongeshejwe hamwe n'imiterere yayo ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu guhitamo umuyoboro ukwiye.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze itanga inyungu zikomeye ugereranyije n'imiyoboro ifunze. Imiyoboro ifunze ikorwa hakoreshejwe guhuza ibyuma, bigatuma habaho guhuza imiyoboro. Ibi bigabanya imbaraga zayo zo kudakomeza gushyuha kandi bishobora gutuma amazi ava mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'imiyoboro ku miyoboro. Ku rundi ruhande, imiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze ikorwa binyuze mu gukora umuzingo umwe, bigakuraho imiyoboro iyo ari yo yose. Ishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma yizewe mu bikorwa nko gutwara peteroli na gaze ndetse n'ibyuma bishyushya umuvuduko mwinshi. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze itanga ubunini bw'inkuta bungana, ikuraho ihindagurika ry'ubunini bw'inkuta buterwa no guhuza, kunoza imiterere, no gutanga ubudahangarwa bwo kwiyongera bw'ingese. Igihe cyayo cyo gukora muri rusange kirenga 30% kuruta imiyoboro ifunze.
Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza ni ingenzi kandi iragoye, ahanini ikubiyemo gushyushya no gukurura ubukonje. Uburyo bwo gushyushya bushyushya icyuma gikomeye kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 1200, hanyuma bukagipfunyika mu ruganda rutobora rukakinjiza mu muyoboro w'ububobere. Hanyuma umuyoboro unyura mu ruganda rupima ingano kugira ngo uhindure uburebure n'urusyo rugabanya ubunini bw'urukuta. Amaherezo, ukorerwa ubukonje, kugorora no kubona inenge. Uburyo bwo gukurura ubukonje bukoresha umuyoboro ushyushye nk'ibikoresho fatizo. Nyuma yo gukurura kugira ngo ukureho ingano ya okiside, ushushanywa mu buryo bukonje hakoreshejwe icyuma gikurura ubukonje. Hanyuma gukurura ubukonje birakenewe kugira ngo hakurweho imihangayiko y'imbere, hagakurikiraho kurangiza no kugenzura. Muri ubwo buryo bubiri, imiyoboro ishyushye ikwiriye uburebure bunini n'inkuta nini, mu gihe imiyoboro ishyushye irushaho kuba myiza ku budahe buto no gukoreshwa neza cyane.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza irimo ingero zisanzwe zo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe bitandukanye.
Ibikoresho byo mu rugo ahanini ni icyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma cya alloy:
Icyuma cya karuboni gikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwa 20#, gitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya no koroshya gutunganya, bigatuma gikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro rusange.
Icyuma cya 45# gitanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi kibereye ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi. Mu miyoboro y’icyuma ivanze, icyuma cya 15CrMo kirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bigatuma kiba igikoresho cy’ingenzi cya boilers z’inganda zitanga amashanyarazi.
Umuyoboro w’icyuma kidashonga wo mu bwoko bwa 304, bitewe n’uko urwanya ingese neza, ukunzwe cyane mu nganda zitunganya imiti n’ibiribwa.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe mpuzamahanga nabyo bikoreshwa cyane:
Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM byo muri Amerika,Umuyoboro udafite umugozi wa A106-B w'icyuma cya karubonini amahitamo asanzwe yo gutwara peteroli na gaze karemano. Ingufu zayo zo gukurura zigera kuri 415-550 MPa kandi zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo gukora kuva kuri -29°C kugeza kuri 454°C.
Umuyoboro wa A335-P91, bitewe n'imiterere yawo ya chromium-molybdenum-vanadium, utanga imbaraga nziza cyane mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru no kurwanya oxidation, bigatuma ukoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro y'umwuka w'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bikomeye cyane.
Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN by’i Burayi, icyuma cya karuboni cya P235GH cyo mu bwoko bwa EN 10216-2 gikwiriye amaboilers afite umuvuduko uringaniye n’uri hasi ndetse n’imiyoboro y’umuvuduko.
Umuyoboro wa P92 urusha P91 imbaraga zo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ni wo mwihariko ukundwa n’imishinga minini y’ingufu zishyuha. Umuyoboro wa karuboni wa STPG370 usanzwe wa JIS utanga umusaruro mwiza kandi ukoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro rusange y’inganda.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umwanda wa SUS316L, ishingiye ku cyuma 304 kidashonga, yongeramo molybdenum kugira ngo yongere imbaraga zayo zo kurwanya ingese ya chloride ion, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu buhanga bwo mu mazi no mu gutwara aside chemical na alkali.
Ku bijyanye n'ingano, imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza iri hagati ya mm 10 na mm 630, kandi ubugari bw'inkuta buri hagati ya mm 1 na mm 70.
Mu buhanga busanzwe, ubugari bw'inyuma bwa mm 15 kugeza 108 n'ubugari bw'inkuta bwa mm 2 kugeza 10 ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa.
Urugero, imiyoboro ifite umurambararo wo hanze wa mm 25 n'ubugari bw'urukuta bwa mm 3 ikunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu za hydraulic, mu gihe imiyoboro ifite umurambararo wo hanze wa mm 89 n'ubugari bw'urukuta bwa mm 6 ikwiriye gutwara ibikoresho bya chemical.
Ubwa mbere, genzura icyemezo cy'ibikoresho kugira ngo urebe neza ko imiterere ya shimi n'imiterere ya mekanike byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Urugero, imbaraga z'umusaruro w'icyuma cya 20# zigomba kuba zitari munsi ya 245 MPa, kandi imbaraga z'umusaruro wa ASTM A106-B zigomba kuba ≥240 MPa.
Icya kabiri, genzura ubwiza bw'isura. Ubuso bugomba kuba budafite inenge nk'imiturire n'impinduka, kandi ubugari bw'urukuta bugomba kugenzurwa muri ± 10%.
Byongeye kandi, hitamo ibicuruzwa bifite inzira n'ibikoresho bikwiye hashingiwe ku buryo bwo kubikoresha. Imiyoboro ishyushye n'ibyuma nka A335-P91 ni byo byiza cyane mu bidukikije bifite umuvuduko mwinshi, mu gihe imiyoboro ikonje isabwa gukoreshwa mu buryo bunonosoye. Imiyoboro ya SUS316L isabwa gukoreshwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi cyangwa ahantu hafite ingese nyinshi.
Hanyuma, saba ko umutanga serivisi atanga raporo yo kumenya inenge, yibanda ku kugaragaza inenge zihishe imbere mu mushinga kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano w’umushinga.
Ibi birasoza ikiganiro kuri iki kibazo. Niba wifuza kumenya byinshi ku miyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza, twandikire ukoresheje uburyo bukurikira kandi itsinda ryacu ry'abagurisha ry'inzobere rizagufasha.
ITSINDA RY'UBUFARANSA
Aderesi
Agace k'inganda ziteza imbere Kangsheng,
Intara ya Wuqing, umujyi wa Tianjin, Ubushinwa.
Amasaha
Kuwa mbere-Ku cyumweru: Serivisi y'amasaha 24
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2025