Inyubako z'ibyumazikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ubwubatsi bitewe n'ibyiza byazo, nko gukomera cyane, kubaka vuba, no kurwanya imitingito cyane. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'inyubako z'ibyuma bukwiriye inyubako zitandukanye, kandi ingano y'ibikoresho byazo by'ibanze nayo iratandukanye. Guhitamo inyubako ikwiye y'icyuma ni ingenzi cyane ku bwiza n'imikorere y'inyubako. Ibi bikurikira birambuye ku bwoko bw'inyubako zisanzwe z'icyuma, ingano y'ibikoresho by'ibanze, n'ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo.
Amafuremu y'icyuma yo ku muyoboro
Amakaramu y'icyuma yo ku mucangani inyubako z'icyuma zirambuye zigizwe n'inkingi z'icyuma n'imiringa. Igishushanyo cyazo muri rusange cyoroshye, zifite imitwaro isobanutse neza, zitanga imikorere myiza kandi ihendutse. Iyi nyubako itanga inzira isobanutse yo kohereza imizigo, itwara imizigo ihagaze n'itambitse. Yoroshye kandi kubaka no gushyiraho, hamwe n'igihe gito cyo kubaka.
Mu bijyanye n'ikoreshwa, imiyoboro y'ibyuma bya portal ikwiriye cyane cyane inyubako zo hasi, nk'inganda zo hasi, ububiko, n'ibigo byo gukoreramo. Izi nyubako ubusanzwe zikenera uburebure runaka ariko ntizifite uburebure buhanitse. Imiyoboro y'ibyuma bya portal yujuje neza ibi bisabwa, bigatuma habaho umwanya uhagije wo gukora no kubika.
Urufunguzo rw'icyuma
A urukiramende rw'icyumani imiterere y'icyuma igizwe n'inkingi n'imitako by'icyuma. Bitandukanye n'imiterere y'urukuta rw'umuyoboro, urukuta rw'icyuma rukora sisitemu y'imiterere y'ibice bitatu, rutanga umutekano muri rusange no gukomera ku ruhande. Rushobora kubakwa mu nyubako z'amagorofa menshi cyangwa ndende hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu bwubatsi, rugakora ku buryo butandukanye bwo kugera ku burebure n'uburebure.
Bitewe n'imikorere myiza y'inyubako zayo, ibyuma bikoreshwa mu nyubako zifite uburebure bunini cyangwa uburebure burebure, nko mu nyubako z'ibiro, mu maduka, mu mahoteli, no mu bigo by'inama. Muri izi nyubako, ibyuma bikoreshwa mu nyubako ntibihagije gusa ku bijyanye n'imiterere minini y'ahantu, ahubwo binafasha gushyiraho ibikoresho no kunyura mu miyoboro y'amazi mu nyubako.
Icyuma cy'icyuma
Igitereko cy'icyuma ni imiterere y'ahantu igizwe n'ibice byinshi bitandukanye (nk'icyuma cy'inguni, icyuma cy'imiyoboro, n'imirongo ya I) bitondetse mu buryo bwihariye (urugero: mpandeshatu, trapezoidal, cyangwa polygonal). Ibice byacyo ahanini bifite umuvuduko cyangwa gukanda, bigatanga umutwaro ungana, bigakoresha imbaraga z'ibikoresho kandi bigatanga icyuma kizigama.
Imitako y'ibyuma ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza kandi ikwiriye inyubako zisaba ahantu hanini, nka sitade, aho imurikagurisha ribera, n'aho ku kibuga cy'indege ribera. Muri sitade, imitako y'ibyuma ishobora gukora inyubako nini z'ibisenge, ihuye n'ibikenewe mu nzu z'abahanzi n'aho amarushanwa abera. Mu nzu z'imurikagurisha n'aho ku kibuga cy'indege, imitako y'ibyuma itanga inkunga yizewe ku nyubako nini zo kwerekana no ku nzira z'abanyamaguru.
Urusobe rw'icyuma
Urusobe rw'icyuma ni imiterere y'ahantu igizwe n'ibice byinshi bihujwe n'uduce mu buryo bwihariye bw'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi (nk'impandeshatu zisanzwe, kare, na hexagons zisanzwe). Itanga ibyiza nko kuba imbaraga nke z'ahantu, kurwanya cyane imitingito, gukomera cyane, no kudahungabana cyane. Ubwoko bw'ibice byayo bumwe bworohereza umusaruro w'uruganda no gushyiraho aho hantu.
Imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikwiriye cyane cyane inyubako zo ku gisenge cyangwa ku nkuta, nko mu byumba byo gutegereza, mu bisenge, no mu bisenge binini by'inganda. Mu byumba byo gutegereza, ibisenge by'icyuma bishobora gutwikira ahantu hanini, bigatanga ahantu heza ho gutegereza ku bagenzi. Mu bisenge, inyubako z'icyuma ziba zoroshye kandi zishimishije mu buryo bwiza, mu gihe zihanganira imitwaro karemano nk'umuyaga n'imvura.
- Amafuremu y'icyuma yo ku muyoboro
Inkingi z'icyuma n'imirimbo y'inkingi z'irembo bikunze kubakwa mu cyuma gifite ishusho ya H. Ingano y'izi nkingi z'icyuma iterwa n'ibintu nk'uburebure bw'inyubako, uburebure, n'umutwaro. Muri rusange, ku nganda ziciriritse cyangwa ububiko bufite uburebure bwa metero 12-24 n'uburebure bwa metero 4-6, inkingi z'icyuma zifite ishusho ya H zikunze kuba hagati ya H300×150×6.5×9 kugeza H500×200×7×11; imirimbo isanzwe iri hagati ya H350×175×7×11 kugeza H600×200×8×12. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe iyo hari imirimbo mike, icyuma gifite ishusho ya I cyangwa icyuma gifite ishusho ya channel gishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibice by'inyongera. Icyuma gifite ishusho ya I gikunze kuba hagati ya I14 na I28, mu gihe icyuma gifite uburebure kuva kuri [12 kugeza [20].
- Amafuremu y'icyuma
Inkingi z'icyuma ahanini zikoresha icyuma gikozwe mu gice cya H ku nkingi n'imitambiko yazo. Kubera ko zigomba kwihanganira imitwaro miremire ihagaze n'itambitse, kandi kubera ko zikenera uburebure n'uburebure bw'inyubako, ingano y'ibikoresho byazo by'ibanze akenshi iba nini kuruta iz'imitambiko y'irembo. Ku nyubako z'ibiro by'amagorofa menshi cyangwa mu maduka (amagorofa 3-6, uburebure bwa metero 8-15), ingano z'icyuma gikozwe mu gice cya H zikunze gukoreshwa ku nkingi ziri hagati ya H400 × 200 × 8 × 13 kugeza H800 × 300 × 10 × 16; Ingano z'icyuma gikozwe mu gice cya H zikunze gukoreshwa ku mitambi ziri hagati ya H450 × 200 × 9 × 14 kugeza H700 × 300 × 10 × 16. Mu nyubako ndende z'icyuma (igorofa zirenga 6), inkingi zishobora gukoresha icyuma gikozwe mu gice cya H cyangwa icyuma gikozwe mu gice cya H. Ingano z'icyuma gikozwe mu gice cya H zikunze kuba hagati ya 400 × 400 × 12 × 12 kugeza 800 × 800 × 20 × 20 kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'inyubako ku ruhande no kudahungabana muri rusange.
- Imitako y'icyuma
Ibikoresho bisanzwe by’ibanze ku byuma bigize inkingi birimo icyuma cy’inguni, icyuma cy’imiyoboro, imiyoboro ya I, n’imiyoboro y’icyuma. Inkingi y’icyuma ikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bitewe n’imiterere yabyo itandukanye kandi byoroshye kuyihuza. Ingano zisanzwe ziri hagati ya ∠50×5 na ∠125×10. Ku byuma biremereye cyane, hakoreshwa icyuma cy’imiyoboro cyangwa imiyoboro ya I. Ingano z’icyuma cy’imiyoboro ziri hagati ya [14 na [30], naho ingano z’imiyoboro ya I ziri hagati ya I16 na I40.) Mu byuma birebire (uburebure burenga metero 30), imiyoboro y’icyuma ikunze gukoreshwa nk’ibice kugira ngo igabanye uburemere bw’inyubako no kunoza imikorere y’imitingito. Ubugari bw’imiyoboro y’icyuma muri rusange buri hagati ya Φ89×4 na Φ219×8, kandi ibikoresho akenshi ni Q345B cyangwa Q235B.
- Urusobe rw'icyuma
Ibyuma bikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'icyuma byubatswe ahanini mu miyoboro y'icyuma, isanzwe ikozwe muri Q235B na Q345B. Ingano y'umuyoboro igenwa n'uburebure bw'umuyoboro, ingano y'umuyoboro, n'imiterere y'umutwaro. Ku nyubako z'umuyoboro zifite uburebure bwa metero 15-30 (nk'aho bategera n'aho bategera), umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'icyuma usanzwe ni Φ48 × 3.5 kugeza Φ114 × 4.5. Ku burebure burenga metero 30 (nk'ibisenge binini bya sitade n'ibisenge by'ikibuga cy'indege), umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'icyuma wiyongera uko bikwiye, akenshi ukagera kuri Φ114 × 4.5 kugeza Φ168 × 6. Ibyuma bikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'icyuma bikunze kuba bifatanye n'imigozi cyangwa bisutswe. Umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'umuyoboro ugenwa n'umubare w'ibikoresho n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara, akenshi kuva kuri Φ100 kugeza Φ300.
Sobanura ibisabwa mu nyubako n'uburyo ikoreshwa
Mbere yo kugura inyubako y'icyuma, ugomba kubanza gusobanura icyo inyubako igamije, uburebure, uburebure, umubare w'amagorofa, n'imiterere y'ibidukikije (nk'ubukana bw'imitingito, umuvuduko w'umuyaga, n'umuvuduko w'urubura). Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha busaba imikorere itandukanye n'inyubako z'icyuma. Urugero, mu turere dushobora kwibasirwa n'imitingito, inyubako z'icyuma cyangwa inkingi z'icyuma zifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imitingito zikwiye gukoreshwa. Ku bibuga binini, inkingi z'icyuma cyangwa inkingi z'icyuma zirakwiriye cyane. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'inyubako y'icyuma bugomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku mibare y'imitwaro y'inyubako (nk'imizigo yapfuye n'imizigo mizima) kugira ngo harebwe ko inyubako y'icyuma yatoranijwe yujuje ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa ry'inyubako.
Gusuzuma Ubwiza n'Imikorere y'Icyuma
Icyuma ni cyo gikoresho cy'ingenzi cy'ibyuma, kandi ubwiza bwacyo n'imikorere yacyo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mutekano no kuramba kw'icyuma. Mu gihe uguze icyuma, hitamo ibicuruzwa bikorerwa n'inganda zizwi zifite ubwiza bwemewe. Witondere cyane ubwiza bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma (nka Q235B, Q345B, nibindi), imiterere ya mekanike (nk'imbaraga zo gukura, imbaraga zo gukurura, no kurekura), hamwe n'imiterere ya shimi. Imikorere y'ibipimo bitandukanye by'icyuma iratandukanye cyane. Icyuma cya Q345B gifite imbaraga nyinshi kurusha Q235B kandi kibereye inyubako zisaba ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwinshi. Icyuma cya Q235B, ku rundi ruhande, gifite plastike nziza kandi gikomeye kandi kibereye inyubako zifite ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe byo gutigita. Byongeye kandi, genzura imiterere y'icyuma kugira ngo wirinde inenge nk'imivuniko, ibice bigikubiyemo, n'impinduka.
Royal Steel Group ikora ibijyanye no gushushanya no gukoresha ibikoresho by'ibyuma.Dutanga inyubako z'ibyuma mu bihugu byinshi n'uturere, harimo Arabiya Sawudite, Kanada na Gwatemala.Twakira neza ibibazo biturutse ku bakiriya bashya n'abasanzwe.
Aderesi
Agace k'inganda ziteza imbere Kangsheng,
Intara ya Wuqing, umujyi wa Tianjin, Ubushinwa.
Amasaha
Kuwa mbere-Ku cyumweru: Serivisi y'amasaha 24
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 14-2025