Imiterere y'Icyuma Inzu y'Icyuma Inzu y'Icyuma yateguwe mbere

Imiterere y'Icyuma Inzu y'Icyuma Inzu y'Icyuma yakoreshejwe mbere Imiterere y'Icyuma Ishusho yagaragaye

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Inyubako z'ibyuma zikoresha icyuma nk'igice cy'ingenzi gitwara imizigo. Bitewe n'inyungu zacyo zo gukomera cyane, uburemere bworoshye, ubwubatswe vuba, no kudahangana neza n'imirasire, zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye.
Imishinga y'Ubwubatsi: Inganda n'ububiko bunini; inyubako za leta nk'inyubako ndende cyane na sitade; n'inyubako zo guturamo zikozwe mu byuma.
Ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu: Ibiraro binini n'ibito; sitasiyo za gari ya moshi zihuta cyane, aho gari ya moshi zihagarara, n'imodoka zitwara abantu.
Imishinga n'ibikoresho byihariye: Amato n'amato yo mu mazi; Imashini zitwara imizigo n'imodoka zidasanzwe; Ibigega byo kubikamo ibikoresho by'inganda n'imirongo y'ibikoresho.
Izindi porogaramu: Inyubako z'agateganyo, ibikoresho by'ibirahure by'iduka ry'ubucuruzi; Iminara ya turbine y'umuyaga n'uburyo bwo gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba.

Amahame Mpuzamahanga:GB 50017 (Ubushinwa), AISC (Amerika), BS 5950 (UK), EN 1993 - Eurocode 3 (EU)

Ingano y'icyuma:A36, A53, A500, A501, A1085, A411, A572, A618, A992, A913, A270, A243, A588, A514, A517, A668

Uburyo bwo Gutunganya:Gukata, Gusudira, Gukubita, Gutunganya ubuso (gusiga irangi, gusiga ibyuma bifunga, nibindi)

Serivisi zo kugenzura:Serivisi z'ubunyamwuga zo kugenzura imiterere y'ibyuma, zemera igenzura ry'abantu ba gatatu nka SGS TUV BV

Serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha:Tanga ubuyobozi aho hantu, inama zo gushyiraho no kubungabunga, n'ibindi.

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Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

Ibyuma byubatswe mu nyubako ni ubwoko bwainyubako z'ibyumaibikoresho bifite imiterere n'ibinyabutabire byihariye kugira ngo bihuze n'ibipimo by'umushinga.

Bitewe n'ibipimo bya buri mushinga, ibyuma by'ubwubatsi bishobora kuza mu buryo butandukanye, ingano, n'ibipimo. Bimwe bishyushye cyangwa bikonje, mu gihe ibindi bisukwa mu masahani arambuye cyangwa agongamye. Imiterere isanzwe y'ibyuma irimo imirasire ya I, ibyuma byihuta cyane, imiyoboro, inguni, n'amasahani.

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Amahame Mpuzamahanga yaImiterere y'icyuma

GB 50017 (Ubushinwa): Amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu cy'Ubushinwa akubiyemo imiterere y'ibipimo, ibisobanuro birambuye, kuramba, n'ibipimo by'umutekano.

AISC (Amerika): Ubuyobozi buzwi cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru, buvuga ku bipimo ngenderwaho by'umutwaro, imiterere y'inyubako, n'imibanire.

BS 5950 (mu Bwongereza): Yibanda ku kuringaniza umutekano, ubukungu, n'imikorere myiza y'inyubako.

EN 1993 – Eurocode 3 (EU): Urwego rw'i Burayi rw'igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako z'ibyuma.

Igisanzwe		Ihame ry'Igihugu	Ihame ry'Abanyamerika	Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'i Burayi
Intangiriro		Hamwe n'amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu (GB) nk'ishingiro, yunganiwe n'amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda, bishimangira igenzura ryuzuye ry'imikorere y'igishushanyo mbonera, ubwubatsi n'iyemerwa	Twibanda ku mahame ngenderwaho y’ibikoresho bya ASTM n’ibipimo by’imiterere ya AISC, twibanda ku guhuza icyemezo cyigenga ku isoko n’amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda.	Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN (ibipimo ngenderwaho by'i Burayi)
Amahame Ngenderwaho	Amahame ngenderwaho mu gushushanya	GB 50017-2017	AISC (AISC 360-16)	EN 1993
	Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibikoresho	GB / T 700-2006 、 GB / T 1591-2018	ASTM Internationala	EN 10025 ikurikirana ryakozwe na CEN
	Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ubwubatsi n'ibyo kwakira	GB 50205-2020	AWS D1.1	Urukurikirane rwa EN 1011
	Amahame ngenderwaho yerekeye inganda	Urugero, JT/T 722-2023 mu bijyanye n'ibiraro, JGJ 99-2015 mu bijyanye n'ubwubatsi
Impamyabumenyi zisabwa		impamyabumenyi y'umwuga mu by'ubwubatsi bw'ibyuma (icyiciro cyihariye, icyiciro cya mbere, icyiciro cya kabiri, icyiciro cya gatatu)	Icyemezo cya AISC	CE Mark, Icyemezo cya DIN cy'Abadage, Icyemezo cya CARES mu Bwongereza
		Icyemezo cy’Umuryango w’Ubushinwa mu Gushyira mu Bice (CCS), icyemezo cy’uko ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gitanga imiterere y’ibyuma gihagaze.	icyemezo cya FRA
		Raporo z'ibizamini ku miterere y'ibikoresho, ubuziranenge bwa solder, n'ibindi byatanzwe n'ikigo cy'ibizamini cy'uruhande rwa gatatu	ASME

Twandikire kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro birambuye

Ibisobanuro:
Igitereko cy'Icyuma Gikuru	Inkingi n'inkingi by'icyuma bifite igice cya H, bishushanyijeho irangi cyangwa bivanze, umuyoboro wa C cyangwa ibyuma bifite igice cya C, n'ibindi.
Icyiciro cya kabiri	Igikoresho cyo gufunga gishyushye cya C-purlin, icyuma gikingira, icyuma gikingira ivi, igipfundikizo cy'inkombe, nibindi.
Igisenge cy'inzu	Panel ya sandwich ya EPS, panel ya sandwich ya fiber y'ikirahure, panel ya sandwich ya Rockwool, na sandwich ya PU igice cy'icyuma cyangwa icyapa cy'ibumba, n'ibindi.
Urukuta	agapapuro k'ibumba cyangwa urupapuro rw'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, n'ibindi.
Inkoni y'ikamba	umuyoboro w'icyuma uzenguruka
Inkingi	akabari k'uruziga
Igikoresho cyo gukingira ivi	icyuma cy'inguni
Ibishushanyo n'Ibiciro:
(1) Igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye kirakirwa neza.
(2) Kugira ngo tubahe ibiciro n'ibishushanyo nyabyo, turabasaba kutubwira uburebure, ubugari, uburebure bw'umurambararo, n'ikirere cyo mu gace dutuyemo. nzagutanga igiciro vuba.

Imiterere y'icyumaIbice

Ibice biboneka bisobanurwa mu mahame ngenderwaho yasohotse ku isi yose, kandi n'ibice byihariye kandi bifite umwihariko biraboneka.

Imirasire ya I(ibice binini "I"—mu Bwongereza, ibi birimo imirasire isanzwe (UB) n'inkingi zisanzwe (UC); mu Burayi, ibi birimo IPE, HE, HL, HD, n'ibindi bice; muri Amerika, ibi birimo ibice binini (WF cyangwa W-shaped) n'ibice bifite ishusho ya H)

Z-imirasire(ibice bibiri by'inyuma)

HSS(ibice by'imiterere y'ubururu, bizwi kandi nka SHS (ibice by'imiterere y'ubururu), birimo kare, urukiramende, uruziga (tubular), n'ibice by'urukiramende)

Inguni(Ibice bifite ishusho ya L)

Imiyoboro y'imiterere, ibice bifite ishusho ya C, cyangwa ibice bya "C"

Imirasire ya T(Ibice bifite ishusho ya T)

Utubari, zifite impande enye z'urukiramende ariko zidahagije ku buryo zishobora gufatwa nk'ikibaho.

Inkoni, ari ibice by'uruziga cyangwa kare bifite uburebure ugereranyije n'ubugari bwabyo.

Amasahani, zifite ubunini bwa sheet metal burenga mm 6 cyangwa santimetero 1⁄4.

Porogaramu

Inyubako z'icyuma zikoresha icyuma nk'igice cy'ingenzi gitwara imizigo. Zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye bitewe n'ibyiza byazo nko gukomera cyane, uburemere bworoheje, ubwubatswe vuba, no kudakomera neza mu mihindagurikire y'isi. Ikoreshwa ryayo ry'ingenzi n'ahantu ikoreshwa harimo:
Ubwubatsi bw'Ubwubatsi
1. Inyubako z'inganda - Inganda: nko gukora imashini, gukora ibyuma, n'inganda zikora imiti
2. Ibigega: Ibigo binini byo kubikamo ibintu n'ububiko (nk'ububiko bunini bw'ibigega n'ububiko bukonje);
3. Inyubako za gisivili - Inyubako ndende: Inyubako nini z'inyubako ndende cyane (nk'inyubako ndende);
Inyubako rusange: Sitade, ibyumba by'imurikagurisha, amakinamico, aho ikibuga cy'indege gihagarara, n'ibindi.
3. Inyubako zo guturamo: Inyubako zo guturamo zubatswe mu byuma
Ibikorwaremezo by'ubwikorezi
1. Ubwubatsi bw'ibiraro - Ibiraro birebire - Ibiraro bya gari ya moshi/umuhanda munini
2. Gare na Gare - Gare zihuta cyane, aho gari ya moshi zihagarara - Imodoka zitwara abantu
Ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho byihariye
1. Ubwubatsi bw'Amato - Amapuratifomu yo mu mazi: Inyubako z'ingenzi z'amapuratifomu yo gucukura peteroli (nk'amakoti n'amabaraza yo ku mapuratifomu);
Kubaka amato
2. Imashini zo kuzamura no kubaka - Cranes - Imodoka zidasanzwe
3. Ibikoresho binini n'amakonteyineri - Ibigega byo kubikamo ibikoresho by'inganda - Inkingi z'ibikoresho bya mekanike
Izindi mimerere zidasanzwe
1. Inyubako z'agateganyo: amacumbi y'ubutabazi bw'ibiza, amazu y'imurikagurisha ry'agateganyo, inyubako zateguwe mbere, n'ibindi.
2. Ibikoresho by'ikirahure bishyigikira amasoko manini y'ubucuruzi
3. Ingufu: iminara ya turbine y'umuyaga (ikozwe mu byuma bizinze bikomeye) n'ibice by'imirasire y'izuba.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya

Uburyo bwo gutema

1. Imyiteguro y'ibanze

Igenzura ry'ibikoresho
Gusobanura Igishushanyo

2. Guhitamo Uburyo Bukwiye bwo Gukata

Gukata umuriro: Bikwiriye icyuma kinini kandi giciriritse, kandi ni byiza cyane mu gukora imashini zikozwe mu buryo bugoye.

Gukata Jeti y'amazi: Bikwiriye ibikoresho bitandukanye, cyane cyane icyuma gishyuha cyangwa ibice bifite ishusho yihariye kandi by’ubuhanga buhanitse.

Gutunganya gusudira

Ubu buryo bukoresha ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, cyangwa byombi (rimwe na rimwe hamwe n'ibikoresho byuzuza) kugira ngo bugere ku mibanire ya atome ku mpande z'ibice by'ibyuma, bityo bugashyiraho imiterere ikomeye kandi ihujwe. Iyi ni inzira y'ingenzi yo guhuza ibice mu nganda zikora imiterere y'ibyuma kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako, ibiraro, imashini, amato, n'ahandi, bigagena mu buryo butaziguye imbaraga, ubusugire, n'umutekano w'ibice by'ibyuma.

Hashingiwe ku bishushanyo by'ubwubatsi cyangwa raporo y'ibisabwa mu buryo bwo gusudira (PQR), sobanura neza ubwoko bw'aho isudira ihurira, ingano z'umuyoboro, ingano z'aho isudira iherereye, aho isudira iherereye, n'urwego rw'ubuziranenge.

Gutunganya Gukubita

Iyi gahunda ikubiyemo gukora imyobo mu buryo bwa mekanike cyangwa mu buryo bw'umubiri mu bice by'imiterere y'icyuma byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Iyi myobo ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza ibice, kuyobora imiyoboro, no gushyiraho ibikoresho. Ni inzira y'ingenzi mu gukora imiterere y'icyuma kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibice biteranywa neza kandi ko bikomera.

Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, garagaza aho umwobo uherereye (ingano z’aho uherereye), umubare, umurambararo, urwego rw’ubuziranenge (urugero, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ± 1mm ku myobo isanzwe ya bolti, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ± 0.5mm ku myobo ikomeye ya bolti), n’ubwoko bw’umwobo (uruziga, uburebure, nibindi). Koresha igikoresho cyo kumenyekanisha (nk'icyuma gipima, stylus, kare, cyangwa icyitegererezo) kugira ngo ugaragaze aho umwobo uri ku buso bw’igice. Koresha uburyo bwo kugerageza kugirango ushyireho ahantu ho gushyira umwobo w’ingenzi kugira ngo umenye neza aho ucukura.

Ubuvuzi bw'ubuso

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ubuso burahariinyubako y'ibyuma, bikongera neza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese n'ingufu, ndetse no gutuma ubwiza bwabyo burushaho kuba bwiza.

Gutunganya ibyumani amahitamo asanzwe kubera ko arwanya ingese neza.

Gusiga ifuitanga amabara meza kandi irwanya ikirere cyane.

Gusiga epoxyirwanya ingese neza kandi ikwiriye ahantu hagoye.

Igitambaro gikungahaye kuri zinc nyinshi mu buryo bwa epoxyitanga uburinzi bunoze bwa elegitoroniki kubera ko ifite zinc nyinshi.

Gushushanyaitanga ubworoherane n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, ihura n'ibikenewe bitandukanye byo gushushanya.

Igipfukisho cy'amavuta y'umukarani amahitamo ahendutse yo gukoresha mu buryo bworoshye bwo kurinda ingese.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere y'icyuma

Itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi n’inzobere mu bya tekiniki rifite uburambe bwinshi mu mishinga n’ibitekerezo bigezweho byo gushushanya, rifite ubumenyi bwimbitse ku miterere y’ibyuma n’amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda.

Gukoresha porogaramu z'umwuga zo gushushanya nkaAutoCADnaImiterere ya Tekla, twubaka sisitemu yuzuye yo gushushanya amashusho, kuva kuri moderi za 3D kugeza kuri gahunda z’ubuhanga za 2D, zigaragaza neza ingano y’ibice, imiterere y’ingingo, n’imiterere y’ahantu. Serivisi zacu zikubiyemo ubuzima bwose bw’umushinga, kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ibanze kugeza ku bishushanyo mbonera by’inyubako birambuye, kuva ku kunoza ingingo kugeza ku kugenzura imiterere rusange. Dugenzura neza ibisobanuro birambuye ku rwego rwa milimetero, tugenzura neza imiterere ya tekiniki no kubakwa neza.

Duhora twibanda ku bakiriya. Binyuze mu kugereranya gahunda zose no kwigana imikorere ya mekanike, duhindura uburyo bwo gushushanya ku buryo buhendutse ku buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha (inganda, amazu y'ubucuruzi, ibiraro n'imihanda y'imbaho, nibindi). Mu gihe twita ku mutekano w'inyubako, tugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho kandi tworoshya inzira yo kubaka. Dutanga serivisi zose zo gukurikirana, kuva ku gukurura kugeza ku gutanga amakuru ya tekiniki aho hantu. Ubunyamwuga bwacu butuma buri mushinga w'ibyuma ushyirwa mu bikorwa neza, bigatuma tuba abafatanyabikorwa bizeye kandi batanga imiterere imwe.

Igenzura ry'ibicuruzwa

Gupakira no Gutwara

Uburyo bwo gupfunyika ibyuma bugomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku bintu nk'ubwoko bw'ibice, ingano, intera yo kubitwara, aho bibikwa, n'uburinzi bukenewe. Intego ni ukwirinda kwangirika, ingese, no kwangirika mu gihe cyo kubitwara no kubibika.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupfunyika imiterere y'icyuma burimo:

1. Gupfunyika ubusa (Bidapakiye)

Bikoreshwa kuri: Ibice binini kandi biremereye by'icyuma (nk'inkingi z'icyuma, imirimbo, n'imiringoti minini).

Ibiranga: Nta bindi bikoresho byo gupfunyika bikenewe, bituma habaho gupakira no gupakurura ibintu mu buryo butaziguye hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo guterura. Ariko, ibice bigomba gufatwa neza mu gihe cyo gutwara kugira ngo hirindwe kunyeganyega no kugongana.

Uburinzi bw'inyongera: Ibice bihuza (nk'imyobo y'amaboliti n'ubuso bw'amapine) bishobora kurindwa hakoreshejwe ibipfundikizo by'agateganyo cyangwa ipfundikizo rya pulasitiki kugira ngo hirindwe kwinjira no kwangirika.

2. Gupfunyika mu buryo buhuriweho

Ikoreshwa ku: Ibice by'icyuma bito kugeza ku binini, bifite ishusho isanzwe (nk'icyuma cy'inguni, icyuma cy'imiyoboro, imiyoboro y'icyuma, n'ibice bito bihuza) mu bwinshi.

Icyitonderwa: Ifunze rigomba kuba rifunze neza. Ifunze ripfunze cyane rishobora gutuma ibice bihinduka byoroshye, mu gihe ifunze ripfunze cyane rishobora gutuma ibice bihinduka.

3. Agasanduku k'imbaho/Igipfunyika cy'imbaho

Ibintu Bishoboka: Ibice bito by'icyuma gikozwe neza (nk'ibice by'icyuma mu bice bya mekanike n'ibihuza neza cyane), ibice byoroshye (nk'ibice bito nka bolts na nuts), cyangwa ibice by'icyuma bisaba gutwara cyangwa kohereza mu mahanga kure.
Ibyiza: Uburinzi bwiza cyane, bukingira neza ingaruka z'ibidukikije, bukwiriye gutwara no kubika ibintu kure mu bidukikije bigoye.

4. Gupfunyika byihariye birinda
Kurinda ingese: Ku bikoresho by'icyuma bizabikwa igihe kirekire cyangwa bizatwarwa ahantu hakonje, uretse uburyo bwo gupakira bwavuzwe haruguru, hakenewe uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese.
Kurinda Guhinduka: Ku byuma bito kandi bifite inkuta nto (nk'imiringa y'icyuma ito n'ibyuma bifite inkuta nto), hagomba kongerwamo inyubako z'inyongera (nk'ibiti cyangwa udukingirizo tw'icyuma) mu gihe cyo gupakira kugira ngo hirindwe guhindagurika no kwangirika bitewe n'imitwaro idahwitse mu gihe cyo gutwara no kubika.

Ubwikorezi:Gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa "Express Delivery", "Air, Gari ya moshi", "Land", "Gari ya moshi", "Meli" (FCL cyangwa LCL cyangwa Bulk)

Serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha

Kuva igihe ibicuruzwa byawe bizagezwaho, itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga rizatanga ubufasha bwuzuye mu gihe cyose cyo gushyiraho, ritanga ubufasha bwimbitse. Twaba dukoresha neza gahunda zo gushyiraho aho hantu, dutanga ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki ku bikorwa by’ingenzi, cyangwa dukorana n’itsinda ry’abubatsi, duharanira kwemeza ko uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibyuma byawe bugenda neza kandi neza, tukareba ko ibyuma byawe bihora bihamye kandi birangwa n’umutekano.

Mu gihe cyo gutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, dutanga inama zo kubungabunga ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe imiterere yabyo, tugasubiza ibibazo bijyanye no kwita ku bikoresho no kuramba kw'inyubako.
Mu gihe uhuye n'ibibazo bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa, itsinda ryacu nyuma yo kugurisha rizagufasha vuba, riguhe ubumenyi bw'umwuga mu bya tekiniki n'imyitwarire myiza yo gukemura ibibazo byose.