Uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma byubaka bikubiyemo urukurikirane rwo gutunganya, guteranya, no kuvura kubyara ibyuma byubatswe byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Ibi birimo intambwe nyinshi zitondewe. Ibikurikira nubusobanuro burambuye bwibikorwa:

1. Icyiciro kibanza cyo kwitegura

Gushushanya no Gushushanya
Ukurikije ibisabwa byumushinga (nkuburyo bwubaka nibisabwa umutwaro), uruganda rukora ibishushanyo mbonera rwuzuza igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yicyuma, harimo ibipimo bigize ibice, uburyo bwo guhuza, nubwoko bwibintu (nka Q235 na Q355).
Gushushanya gusubiramo byateguwe mubishushanyo mbonera, umusaruro, hamwe nitsinda ryubwubatsi kugirango hemezwe ibishushanyo mbonera, uburyo bushoboka, nibisabwa kugirango harebwe amakosa yakozwe nyuma.

Amasoko y'ibikoresho no kugenzura
Ibyuma (nk'ibyuma, ibice by'ibyuma, imiyoboro y'ibyuma), ibikoresho byo gusudira (electrode, insinga, flux), hamwe na feri (bolts na nuts) bigurwa ukurikije ibisabwa gushushanya.
Ibikoresho bito byagenzuwe neza, harimo kugenzura ibyemezo bifatika, kugenzura amashusho (ku nenge nko gucamo ingese), gupima imitungo ya mashini (ibizamini bya tensile na bend), hamwe nisesengura ryibigize imiti kugirango hubahirizwe ibipimo byigihugu (nka GB / T 700 na GB / T 1591).

II. Icyiciro cyo gutunganya no gukora

1. Gukata
Intego: Kata ibikoresho bibisi mubisabwa ukurikije ibipimo bishushanyo.
Inzira zisanzwe:
Gukata Flame: Bikwiranye nibyuma byibyuma, igiciro gito ariko gisobanutse neza.
Gukata Plasma: Bikwiranye namasahani yoroheje, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nibindi, hamwe no kwihuta gukata kandi neza.
Gukata CNC: Inzira igenzurwa na mudasobwa inzira iganisha kuri ± 1mm kandi ikwiranye nibice bigoye.
Icyitonderwa: Burrs na slag bigomba kuvaho nyuma yo gukata kugirango wirinde kugira ingaruka kubitunganijwe nyuma.

2. Kugorora no gushiraho
Kugororoka: Ibyuma birashobora guhinduka mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, gutwara, cyangwa gukata. Ibi bisaba kugorora imashini (nko kugorora roller) cyangwa kugorora urumuri (gushyushya byaho bikurikirwa no gukonjesha) kugirango bisubizwe kumurongo ugororotse.
Gushiraho: Gutunganya ibice bisaba kunama cyangwa gushushanya bidasanzwe, nka:
Isahani izunguruka: Kuzunguza amasahani y'ibyuma mu tubari tuzengurutse cyangwa ibice bigoramye (nk'amazu y'uruganda).
Kanda Kunama: Hindura ibyapa mubyuma-iburyo cyangwa buringaniye buringaniye nkibice na U-imiyoboro.
Kanda: Koresha ipfa gukanda hejuru igoramye hejuru cyangwa ibice byihariye-nkibice byikiraro).

3. Gutunganya impande no gushiraho umwobo
Gutunganya impande: Gusya no gutegura ibishishwa byo gusudira hamwe nisura yanyuma kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge (urugero, inguni ya groove hamwe nuburinganire bwujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa).
Gukora umwobo: Ibyobo bya Bolt na pin bikozwe hifashishijwe imashini ya dring, punch, cyangwa CNC ibikoresho byo gucukura. Ibipimo bya diametre (mubisanzwe urwego rwa H12) hamwe nukuri neza (gutandukana nu mwobo ≤ ± 1mm) birasabwa kugirango wirinde kwinjiza Bolt mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.

4. Inteko (Inteko)
Guteranya ibice byinshi mubice (urugero, ibiti, inkingi, trusses) ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera. Uburyo busanzwe burimo:
Tack Welding: Kurinda by'agateganyo ibice hamwe numubare muto wo gusudira kugirango ibipimo byinteko.
Ibikoresho: Koresha jigs zidasanzwe hamwe nibikoresho kugirango uhagarike ibice bihagaritse kandi bisa (urugero, urubuga na flange yinkingi yicyuma bigomba gukusanyirizwa kuri 90 °). Ibipimo byingenzi, nkuburebure bwibigize no gutandukana kwa diagonal, bigomba kugenzurwa ukoresheje ibikoresho nkibipimo bya kaseti hamwe na sitasiyo zose.

5. Gusudira
Inzira yibanze: Guhuza burundu ibice byateranijwe binyuze mu gusudira. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira:
Intoki arc gusudira: Biroroshye kandi bikwiranye ningingo zigoye, ariko zidakora neza.
Gusudira arc gusudira: Bikwiranye no gusudira birebire bigororotse (nko gusiga ibyuma), hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwikora hamwe nubwiza buhoraho.
Gusudira gazi ikingira (gusudira CO₂, gusudira arcon arc): Birakwiriye kubisahani bito hamwe nibyuma bidafite ingese, hamwe no kugoreka gake.
Kugenzura ubuziranenge: Gushyushya birasabwa mbere yo gusudira (kubisahani binini cyangwa ibyuma bito-byoroheje). Ikizamini kidasenya (UT ultrasonic test, MT magnetic particle test) irasabwa nyuma yo gusudira kugirango harebwe inenge nkibisimba na pore.

6. Gusudira neza
Nyuma yo gusudira, ibice bishobora guhinduka (nko kunama cyangwa kugoreka) kubera guhangayika. Kugorora imashini cyangwa flame birasabwa kugirango harebwe niba ibice bigororotse hamwe na perpendicularity byujuje ibisobanuro (urugero, gutandukanya inkingi perpendicularity ≤ H / 1000 na ≤15mm).

III. Nyuma yo gutunganywa

Kuvura Ubuso
Kurandura ingese: Kuraho umunzani n'ingese hejuru yicyuma unyuze kumusenyi (gukora neza no gukuraho ingese neza), gutoragura, cyangwa gukaraba intoki kugirango ugere kuri Sa2.5 (hafi-yera) cyangwa St3 (gukuramo intoki neza).
Igipfundikizo: Koresha primer (kwirinda ingese), ikote hagati (kugirango wongere umubyimba), hamwe na kote yo hejuru (irimbisha kandi irwanya ikirere). Umubyimba wuzuye ugomba kuba wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa (urugero, uburebure bwuzuye ≥ 120μm kububiko bwibyuma byo hanze). Kubidukikije bidasanzwe (urugero, ibidukikije n’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja), impuzu zo kurwanya ruswa (urugero, epoxy zinc ikungahaye cyane) irashobora gukoreshwa.

Ubugenzuzi bwa nyuma
Igenzura ryuzuye ryibipimo, isura, ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, nuburinganire bwa coating birakorwa, kandi raporo nziza iratangwa.
Ibice by'ingenzi (urugero, ikiraro cy'icyuma gikandagira ibyuma hamwe n'inkingi ndende yo hejuru) bigenda bipimisha imitwaro cyangwa kubara ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu.

Kubara no Gupakira: Ibigize bibarwa ukurikije gahunda yo kwishyiriraho kugirango byorohereze guterura no guterana.
Rinda uduce twugarijwe (urugero, umwobo wa bolt nu mfuruka zikarishye) ukoresheje ingabo zikingira. Kurinda ibice binini bifite imigozi kugirango wirinde guhinduka cyangwa kwangirika mugihe cyo gutwara.

IV. Guhuza Ubwikorezi no Kwishyiriraho
Mugihe cyo gutwara, ibinyabiziga bikwiye (ibibanza, ibimodoka) bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije ubunini bwibigize. Ibice birenze urugero bisaba uruhushya rwo gutwara abantu.
Tuzatanga ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nurutonde rwibigize, kandi dufashe hamwe no guterura kurubuga no guhagarara kugirango dukemure gutandukana kurwego mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.