Amakuru - Umuyoboro w'icyuma gikozwe muri peteroli: Ibikoresho, Imiterere, n'ingano zisanzwe

Mu nganda nini zikora peteroli,Amavuta imiyoboro y'icyuma igira uruhare runini, ikaba ari ingenzi mu gutwara peteroli na gaze karemano biva mu butaka bijyanwa ku bakoresha. Kuva ku bikorwa byo gucukura peteroli na gaze kugeza ku gutwara imiyoboro kure, ubwoko butandukanye bwaAmavuta imiyoboro y'icyuma, hamwe n'ibikoresho byabyo byihariye n'imiterere yabyo, bitanga imikorere myiza kandi itekanye y'uruhererekane rw'inganda zose. Iyi nkuru izibanda ku muyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni, umuyoboro w'icyuma udahindagurika, n'umuyoboro w'icyuma wa API 5L (umuyoboro w'icyuma wujuje ibisabwa bya API 5L), harimo ingero zisanzwe nka umuyoboro wa API 5L X70, umuyoboro wa API 5L X60, n'umuyoboro wa API 5L X52, itanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku bikoresho, imiterere, n'ingano zisanzwe zaAmavuta imiyoboro y'icyuma.

Umuyoboro wa API 5L Umuyoboro w'ingenzi mu gutwara ingufu

Isesengura ry'ibikoresho

1. Umuyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni

Umuyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane muAmavuta Imiyoboro y'icyuma. Igizwe ahanini n'icyuma na karuboni, hamwe n'ingano nto ya manganese, silikoni, sulfure na fosifore. Ingano ya karuboni ni yo igena imbaraga n'ubukomere bw'icyuma. Muri rusange, ingano nini ya karuboni yongera imbaraga z'icyuma, ariko ubukomere n'ubushuhe biragabanuka. Mu nganda za peteroli, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya karuboni itanga imikorere myiza muri rusange. Ntabwo ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kwihanganira igitutu cy'ubwikorezi bwa peteroli na gaze gusa, ahubwo inafite ubukomere runaka bwo guhangana n'ibidukikije bigoye. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya karuboni ihendutse kandi itanga umusaruro mwiza, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze.

2. Ibikoresho by'uruhererekane rw'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya API 5L

Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa API 5L ukorwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho bya API 5L byashyizweho n'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli (API) kandi ukoreshwa cyane cyane ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gazi. Uru ruhererekane rw'imiyoboro y'icyuma rushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye bitewe n'imbaraga z'icyuma, nka X52, X60, na X70. Urugero, umuyoboro wa API 5L X52 ukozwe mu cyuma gifite imbaraga nkeya. Uretse ibintu by'ibanze nka karuboni n'icyuma, unarimo ibintu bivangavanze nka niobium, vanadium, na titaniyumu. Kongeramo ibi bintu bivangavanze byongera imbaraga n'ubukana bw'icyuma, ndetse binanongera ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gusudira no kurwanya ingese. Ibikoresho bya Api 5l X60 Pipe na Api 5l X70 Pipe birushaho kunozwa hashingiwe kuri uru rufatiro. Mu guhindura ikigereranyo cy'ibintu bivangavanze n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, imbaraga z'icyuma n'imikorere yacyo muri rusange birushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma gihura n'ibikenewe mu gutwara peteroli na gazi mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi n'imimerere igoye yo gukora.

3. Umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira umushono

Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umugozi ukorwa binyuze mu nzira nko gutobora no gupfunyika imiyoboro. Ibikoresho byawo ni kimwe n'umuyoboro w'icyuma wa karuboni wavuzwe haruguru n'umuyoboro w'icyuma wa Api 5l, ariko imiterere yihariye y'uburyo ukorwamo iwuha ibyiza bidasanzwe. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umugozi nta mashini zisudira ku rukuta rwawo, bigatuma uba umwe muri rusange kandi ukomeye cyane. Urashobora kwihanganira igitutu kinini n'ibidukikije bikomeye. Kubwibyo, ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda za peteroli mu bikorwa bisaba imikorere myiza, nko mu miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze ifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'amasoko y'amazi.

Imiterere n'Ibiranga

1. Imbaraga

Ingufu ni ingenzi mu miyoboro ya peteroli, bigira ingaruka ku mutekano wayo mu gihe cyo gutwara peteroli na gazi. Ingano y'imbaraga z'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya API 5l igaragazwa n'umubare ukurikira "X." Urugero, X52 igaragaza imbaraga nke z'umusaruro wa 52 ksi (kilopaundi kuri santimetero kare), bingana na MPa 360 muri megapascal; X60 ifite imbaraga nke z'umusaruro wa 60 ksi (hafi MPa 414); naho X70 ifite imbaraga nke z'umusaruro wa 70 ksi (hafi MPa 483). Uko imbaraga ziyongera, igitutu umuyoboro ushobora kwihanganira kiriyongera uko bikwiye, bigatuma uba ukwiriye imiyoboro ya peteroli na gazi ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye by'igitutu. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umushono, bitewe n'imiterere yawo imwe n'ingufu zihamye, ukora neza iyo uhanganye n'igitutu kinini.

2. Ubudahangarwa ku ngaruka

Gutwara peteroli na gaze karemano bishobora kuba birimo ibintu bihumanya nka hydrogen sulfide na dioxyde de carbone, bityo imiyoboro ya peteroli igomba kuba ifite urwego runaka rwo kudashonga. Umuyoboro wa karuboni ufite ubushobozi buke bwo kudashonga, ariko kudashonga kwawo gushobora kunozwa cyane hakongerwamo ibintu bivangavanze (nka chromium na molybdenum muri serivise ya Api 5l) no gukoresha uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese ku buso (nk'imyambaro n'ipamba). Binyuze mu gushushanya no gutunganya ibikoresho neza, umuyoboro wa Api 5l X70, umuyoboro wa X60, n'umuyoboro wa X52, n'ibindi, bigumana igihe kirekire mu bidukikije byangiza.

3. Gusudira

Mu gihe cyo kubaka imiyoboro ya peteroli, imiyoboro y'icyuma igomba guhuzwa hakoreshejwe gusudira, bigatuma gusudira biba ingenzi ku muyoboro w'icyuma w'imiyoboro ya peteroli. Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa Api 5l wagenewe by'umwihariko gusudira neza, bigatuma ingingo zisukwa zikomera kandi zikomera. Gusudira neza bishobora kandi kugerwaho hakoreshejwe umuyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni n'umuyoboro w'icyuma udakora hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira.

Menya byinshi ku mikoreshereze y'agasanduku k'amavuta, itandukaniro n'imiyoboro ya API, n'imikorere yayo

Ingano Zisanzwe

1. Ingano y'umurambararo wo hanze

Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu miyoboro ya peteroli iza mu bwinshi butandukanye bw'umurambararo wo hanze kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu gutwara abantu bitandukanye. Ingano zisanzwe z'umurambararo wo hanze ku miyoboro y'icyuma ya Api 5L irimo 114.3mm (inchi 4), 168.3mm (inchi 6.625), 219.1mm (inchi 8.625), 273.1mm (inchi 10.75), 323.9mm (inchi 12.75), 355.6mm (inchi 14), 406.4mm (inchi 16), 457.2mm (inchi 18), 508mm (inchi 20), 559mm (inchi 22), na 610mm (inchi 24). Ingano z'umurambararo wo hanze w'imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza zisa n'izo muri Api 5L, ariko ingano zitari zisanzwe nazo zishobora gukorwa kugira ngo zihuze n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye.

2. Ubunini bw'urukuta

Ubunini bw'urukuta ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kigira ingaruka ku mbaraga n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo by'imiyoboro y'icyuma. Ubunini bw'urukuta rw'imiyoboro y'icyuma gikomoka kuri peteroli buratandukanye bitewe n'igipimo cy'umuvuduko n'ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa. Dufashe urugero rw'umuyoboro wa API 5L X52, ku murambararo wo hanze wa mm 114.3, ubunini bw'urukuta busanzwe burimo mm 4.0, mm 4.5, na mm 5.0. Ku murambararo wo hanze wa mm 219.1, ubunini bw'urukuta bushobora kuba mm 6.0, mm 7.0, cyangwa mm 8.0. Imiyoboro ya API 5L X60 na X70, bitewe n'imbaraga zayo nyinshi, ubusanzwe ifite inkuta nini kurusha imiyoboro ya X52 ifite umurambararo umwe wo hanze kugira ngo igire imbaraga n'umutekano bihagije. Ubunini bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro w'icyuma udakora bushobora kugenzurwa neza hashingiwe ku mikorere n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, kuva kuri mm 2 kugeza kuri mm 10.

3. Uburebure

Uburebure busanzwe bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma gikomoka kuri peteroli muri rusange ni metero 6, metero 12, nibindi, kugira ngo byorohereze ubwikorezi n'ubwubatsi. Mu bikorwa nyabyo, uburebure bwihariye bushobora kandi gukorwa hashingiwe ku bisabwa byihariye by'umushinga w'imiyoboro, bigabanye akazi ko gukata no gusudira aho hantu kandi bikanoza imikorere y'ubwubatsi.

Muri make, ibikoresho, imiterere, n'ibipimo bisanzwe byaAmavuta imiyoboro y'icyuma ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu miterere yayo no mu mikoreshereze yayo. Umuyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni, umuyoboro w'icyuma kidahindagurika, n'imiyoboro y'icyuma muriUmuyoboro w'icyuma wa Api 5luruhererekane, nka X70, X60, na X52, buri kimwe kigira uruhare runini mu bice bitandukanye byaAmavuta inganda bitewe n'inyungu zazo zidasanzwe. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ryaAmavuta inganda, ibisabwa mu mikorere n'ubuziranenge kuriAmavuta imiyoboro y'icyuma iragenda irushaho gukomera. Mu gihe kizaza, hazarushaho kuba imikorere myizaAmavuta imiyoboro y'icyuma izakorwa kandi ikoreshwe kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu mikorere igoye no gutwara abantu intera ndende kandi ikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi.